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PubMed · 2696752

Superwarfarin poisoning.

B Katona·S Wason
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Abstract

Superwarfarins consist of two classes of compounds, the 4-hydroxycoumarins and the indandiones. These compounds have replaced warfarin as an anticoagulant rodenticide. This article is a summary of the clinical effects produced by accidental and deliberate ingestions of superwarfarins. Most accidental ingestions occur in childhood and result in a benign outcome. Deliberate overdoses usually involve repeated ingestions of large quantities of superwarfarins that have resulted in prolonged laboratory evidence of interference with clotting; serious bleeding has been rare. This article suggests an approach to the management of patients with accidental and deliberate anticoagulant rodenticide ingestions.

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4-HydroxycoumarinsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleRodenticidesJournal ArticleReview

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BibTeXRIS

B Katona, S Wason. Superwarfarin poisoning.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(89)90010-3

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PubMed2007

Superwarfarin poisoning: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Superwarfarins are anticoagulant rodenticides similar to warfarin, but which have various substituted phenyl groups replacing the terminal methyl group, resulting in a fat-soluble, long-acting anticoagulant that is nearly 100 times more potent than the parent compound. Since their development, many accidental and intentional cases of consumption have been reported. We describe two cases of consumption, one related to unknown etiology, and the other related to utilization of the superwarfarin to potentiate a drug of abuse. The clinical manifestations including bleeding symptoms and abnormal coagulation assays are discussed. The differential diagnosis is quite broad, and includes all causes of vitamin K deficiency, factor deficiency or inhibitor, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and liver disease. Differentiating superwarfarin ingestion from the other causes can be quite difficult, but extremely important, as management requires prolonged administration of vitamin K. Other treatment options are discussed as well including, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and recombinant factor VIIa. Finally, the significance of "lacing" drugs of abuse with superwarfarin to potentiate their effect is discussed, as well as the complications that could develop from such a habit.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed2006

Determination of five 4-hydroxycoumarin rodenticides in animal liver tissues by ion chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A novel analytical method is proposed for rapid simultaneous determination of five 4-hydroxycoumarin rodenticides in animal liver tissues by eluent generator reagent free ion chromatography (RFIC) with fluorescence detection. Rodenticides were initially extracted from homogenized animal liver tissues with ethyl acetate and the extracts subjected to a solid-phase extraction process using Oasis HLB cartridges. The IC separation was carried out on an IonPac AS11 analytical column (250 mm x 4.0 mm) using gradient KOH containing 10% acetonitrile as organic modifier at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analytes were detected by fluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 270 nm and an emission wavelength of 380 nm. The average recoveries of the objective compounds spiked in animal liver tissues were between 81% and 98%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.004-0.010 mg/kg for them. Within-day and day-to-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 8.5% and 9.7%, respectively. It was confirmed that this method could be used in a toxicological analysis.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗