PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 2696853

[Insulin--its past, present and future].

M Grujić·Z Hrisafović·I Kulenović
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Since the invention of insulin and further, the numerous research workers have been trying to get the hormone in the most possible purest form and to make it more convenient for the treatment. By gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography can be obtained maximum purified insulin the so-called monocomponent insulin which possesses considerably less antigen characteristics than the conventional insulins. The human insulins obtained by semisynthesis and biosynthesis through genetic engineering the further progress in the treatment of diabetes mellitus by insulin. The intensified insulin therapy is applied nowadays by repeated injections of insulin, through application of insulin pumps in the so-called open systems and by application of artificial pancreas in the so-called closed systems. The complete normalization of glycemia can be achieved only by means of the closed system and that is the system which would work at the principle of glucose-insulin feed back. Unfortunately, these devices are very big and their use for nowadays in everyday practice is not possible yet.

Explore related subjects

HumansInsulinEnglish AbstractJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

M Grujić, Z Hrisafović, I Kulenović. 1989. [Insulin--its past, present and future].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2696853/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2027

Global Genomic Surveillance.

Global genomic surveillance has emerged as a foundational pillar of public health in the twenty-first century, enabling real-time tracking of pathogen evolution and informing outbreak response. This chapter examines the strategic architecture of global genomic surveillance, focusing on its application to arboviruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV). It explores the integration of genomic data with epidemiological, clinical, and environmental information within a One Health framework, while addressing critical challenges in governance, equity, and interoperability. The discussion covers the entire genomic surveillance workflow, from sample collection and sequencing to bioinformatic analysis and phylogenetic inference, and highlights the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in predictive surveillance. By analyzing global initiatives, operational barriers, and emerging technologies, this chapter underscores the necessity of sustainable, equitable, and interoperable genomic systems to proactively address current and future infectious disease threats.

Humans↗
PubMed2027

Systematic Dissection of Key Driver Perturbation Signatures in Single Cells via ECCITE-seq.

CRISPR screens, such as expanded CRISPR-compatible cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (ECCITE-seq), enable the simultaneous measurement of transcriptomes, gRNA identity, and cell-surface protein expression at single-cell resolution to systematically interrogate gene function. This platform provides a powerful and scalable experimental approach for validating disease-associated regulators identified by large-scale association studies and other computational methods, including network-based analyses of multi-omics data. Here, as an example application, we describe an ECCITE-seq framework to characterize the transcriptomic consequences of perturbing multiple neuronal key driver genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons. More broadly, by integrating customized pooled gRNA libraries with different CRISPR effectors across multiple cell types, this approach allows for the assessment of the regulatory impact of candidate genes implicated in development and disease processes.

Humans↗
PubMed2027

Identification of Genome-Wide Chromatin Structural Aberration in Cancer by Hi-C Analysis.

Aberrant three-dimensional genome organization is a hallmark of cancer, often driving oncogene activation through mechanisms such as enhancer hijacking. High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) maps these interactions on a genome-wide scale. Unlike earlier dilution-based methods, in situ Hi-C performs proximity ligation within intact nuclei, minimizing random ligation noise and enabling fine-scale structure detection. This chapter describes an optimized in situ Hi-C protocol tailored for cancer cell lines using MboI digestion and biotin-mediated pull-down to generate high-complexity libraries. We further outline a computational workflow that extends beyond standard topological mapping of compartments and topologically associating domains to identify cancer-specific aberrations. Specifically, we focus on detecting chromosomal rearrangements (structural variants) and characterizing the distinct circular topology of extrachromosomal DNA. This integrated experimental and analytical framework provides the necessary tools to dissect the spatial dysregulation underlying tumor evolution.

Humans↗