PubMed · 273618
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J G Cheek. 1977. A cephalometric diagnostic template.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/273618/
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Facial reconstruction using 3-D computer graphics is being used in our institute as a routine procedure in forensic cases as well as for skulls of historical and archaeological interest. Skull and facial data from living subjects is acquired using an optical laser scanning system. For the production of the reconstructed image, we employ facial reconstruction software which is constructed using the TCL/Tk scripting language, the latter making use of the C3D system. The computer image may then be exported to enable the production of a solid model, employing, for example, stereolithography. The image can also be modified within an identikit system which allows the addition of facial features as appropriate.
OBJECTIVES: This paper presents a new simulator for maxillofacial surgery that gathers the dental and maxillofacial analyses together into a single computer-assisted procedure. The idea is to first propose a repositioning of the maxilla via the introduction of 3D cephalometry applied to a 3D virtual model of the patient's skull. Orthodontic data are then integrated into this model, using optical measurements of plaster casts of the teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The feasibility of the maxillofacial demonstrator was first evaluated on a dry skull. To simulate malformations (and thus simulate a "real" patient), the skull was modified and manually cut by the surgeon to generate a given maxillofacial malformation (with asymmetries in the sagittal, frontal, and axial planes). RESULTS: The validation of our simulator consisted of evaluating its ability to propose a bone repositioning diagnosis that would restore the skull to its original configuration. An initial qualitative validation is provided in this paper, with a 1.5-mm error in the repositioning diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: These results mainly validate the concept of a maxillofacial numerical simulator that integrates 3D cephalometry and guarantees a correct dental occlusion.