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PubMed · 2755518

Morphine: immediate release vs. controlled release.

H D Homesley
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Abstract

One must ever focus, in the oncology patient, on the possible treatable etiologies of pain which might be amenable to radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery. The first goal is to accurately diagnose the source of the pain and then, only if other active intervention is unhelpful, administer analgesic therapy. The use of controlled-release morphine administered at regular 12-hour intervals offers an additional method of providing prolonged comfort with the associated overall improvement in quality of life of the cancer patient.

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Delayed-Action PreparationsDrug ToleranceHumansMorphineNeoplasmsPainComparative StudyJournal Article

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H D Homesley. 1989. Morphine: immediate release vs. controlled release.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2755518/

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PubMed1992

Comparison of sustained-release formulations of nicardipine and verapamil for mild to moderate systemic hypertension.

In this double-blind, parallel, multicenter study, sustained-release (SR) preparations of 2 calcium antagonists, nicardipine and verapamil, were compared for the treatment of mild to moderate systemic hypertension. Two hundred eighteen patients with supine diastolic blood pressures (BP) 95 to 114 mm Hg were randomly assigned to receive nicardipine-SR 45 mg twice daily (n = 73), nicardipine-SR 60 mg twice daily (n = 73) or verapamil-SR 240 mg once daily in the morning (n = 72). All 3 regimens significantly reduced supine and sitting systolic and diastolic BPs compared with baseline values (p < 0.005). The efficacy of drugs became apparent after 2 weeks of therapy, and was sustained throughout the 12-week study. Reductions in sitting diastolic BP and supine and sitting systolic BPs were statistically greater with nicardipine-SR 60 mg twice daily compared with verapamil, and nicardipine-SR 45 mg twice daily was equivalent to verapamil. Asthenia and constipation occurred more frequently in patients treated with verapamil (9.7 and 11.1%, respectively, compared with 6.8 and 4.1% in either nicardipine group). Adverse events reported more frequently with nicardipine were headache (17.8% with nicardipine-SR 60 mg and 15.1% with nicardipine-SR 45 mg vs 13.9% with verapamil) and edema (15.1% in the nicardipine-SR 60 mg group, 8.2% with nicardipine-SR 45 mg vs 4.2% with verapamil). Verapamil, but not nicardipine, produced significant reductions in heart rate. SR preparations of calcium antagonists offer options for effective monotherapy of systemic hypertension. Side-effect profiles differ and may affect choice of therapy.

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