PubMed · 2850665
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
J L Melnick. 1988. Developments in environmental virology.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2850665/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
We measured the amounts of interferon (IFN) induced by four wild-type strains and two attenuated vaccine strains of poliovirus, testing each virus in 12-58 separate batches of human peripheral blood leukocytes. There were big and consistent differences in the mean amounts of IFN formed by leukocytes from different donors in response to all these polioviruses. Almost invariably, the wild-type polioviruses gave rise to more IFN than the corresponding attenuated strains, but overall, the amounts induced by one strain of poliovirus were proportional to those induced by another. There were indications of similar correlations with six different influenza viruses and with three strains of herpes simplex virus. In contrast, there was no correlation between the IFN yields induced with a poliovirus, three other enteroviruses, and various other viruses. These results suggest that the leukocytes from a given individual have a capacity to form IFN in vitro that is determined both by the genetic make-up of that individual and the particular virus concerned. If the same phenomenon applies to IFN production by cells in vivo, it may have a role in pathogenesis of viral infections.
Two candidate methods for the recovery and detection of viruses in soil were subjected to round robin comparative testing by members of the American Society for Testing and Materials D19:24:04:04 Subcommittee Task Group. Selection of the methods, designated "Berg" and "Goyal," was based on results of an initial screening which indicated that both met basic criteria considered essential by the task group. Both methods utilized beef extract solutions to achieve desorption and recovery of viruses from representative soils: a fine sand soil, an organic muck soil, a sandy loam soil, and a clay loam soil. One of the two methods, Goyal, also used a secondary concentration of resulting soil eluants via low-pH organic flocculation to achieve a smaller final assay volume. Evaluation of the two methods was simultaneously performed in replicate by nine different laboratories. Each of the produced samples was divided into portions, and these were respectively subjected to quantitative viral plaque assay by both the individual, termed independent, laboratory which had done the soil processing and a single common reference laboratory, using a single cell line and passage level. The Berg method seemed to produce slightly higher virus recovery values; however, the differences in virus assay titers for samples produced by the two methods were not statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) for any one of the four soils. Despite this lack of a method effect, there was a statistically significant laboratory effect exhibited by assay titers from the independent versus reference laboratories for two of the soils, sandy loam and clay loam.
A review of results published in English or French between 1980 and 1990 was carried out to determine the levels of indigenous human enteric viruses in untreated surface and subsurface freshwaters, as well as in drinking water that had undergone the complete conventional treatment process. For this purpose, the conventional treatment process was defined as an operation that included coagulation followed by sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Also assessed was the stepwise efficiency of the conventional treatment process, as practised at full-scale facilities, for removing indigenous viruses from naturally occurring freshwaters. A list was compiled of statistical correlations relating to the occurrence of indigenous viruses in water.