PubMed · 286670
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J N Nasedkin. Occlusal dysfunction: screening procedures and initial treatment planning.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/286670/
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In the "Glossary of Periodontics Terms" written by the American Academy of Periodontology, the occlusal trauma is defined as "an injury to the attachment apparatus as a result of excessive occlusal forces". Nowadays, the effects of occlusal trauma on tooth support tissues, the onset and the progression of periodontal disease are still debated: many commonplaces have been disproved, but some doubts and not yet clear points remain, even owing to the difficult diagnosis of the presence and the real clinical impact of a traumatic occlusion. Then, ethical reasons prevent researchers from prospective clinical trials. At the beginning of the last century occlusal trauma has been supposed to be an etiologic factor of "alveolar pyorrhea", but several studies attending more strict scientific criteria failed to prove such correlation. On the basis of the bacterial genesis of periodontal disease, researchers started evaluating the possible effects of occlusal discrepancies on incidence, progression and treatment outcomes of periodontitis, but all the results underlined the more relevant role played by micro-organisms. The present review of the literature runs through this controversy again, analysing the most significant studies published.
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Early evidence for the use of splints can be seen in ancient civilizations, but the concept of Splinting teeth to support and immobilize teeth, by joining several teeth together continues to be a topic of controversy. Splints can be classified based on their purpose and duration of use, the way of fabrication, and the location of the splinted teeth in the jaw. The biomechanical mechanism of splint is related to the mechanism of tooth mobility. The indications for splint usage in the healthy and diseased periodontium are variable, among them are: prevention of mobility after acute trauma, for occlusal therapy, to allow function, to allow periodontal repair, in case of occlusal trauma, to prevent teeth drifting after orthodontic treatment or when a tooth is missing. Due to the many disadvantages splints have, splinting should be used cautiously, specially in splinting teeth and implants.