PubMed · 289748
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J I Tenca, A Tsamtsouris. 1978. Continued root end development: apexogenesis and apexification.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/289748/
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The proton-ligand stability constants (pKa) and Ca-ligand stability constants (log beta) of the five types of alkyl salicylate were determined and the dissolution of the calcium hydroxide cements prepared from those salicylates was examined in water. The dissolution of the cements containing monoesters decreased with the increase in their pKa and log beta values. The cement containing diester showed lower dissolution than that estimated from those values. This seems to be related to the polymeric structure of the cement matrix consisting of the complex of the diester with calcium.
Ten extracted human maxillary first molars were selected with a variety of root curvatures. The distofacial roots were resected and the mesiofacial canals were instrumented to a size #25 K file. Three techniques were used to introduce Ca(OH)2 paste into the instrumented canals. These techniques were evaluated for their ability to carry the Ca(OH)2 to working length and also to produce a dense fill. The Lentulo spiral was most effective in carrying the paste to working length. The Lentulo spiral also produced the highest quality fill. The Calasept injection system followed by a #25 finger plugger was the second most effective technique. Counterclockwise rotation of a #25 K file was the least effective of the techniques tested.
This case report addresses the periradicular tissue response and root-end closure of a maxillary central incisor in the presence of bacterial contamination. The implications for the control of bacteria through the use of calcium hydroxide and/or systemic antibiotic coverage are considered in the light of scientific evidence and clinical treatment.