PubMed · 292557
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D Piatowska, S Brauman-Furmanek. 1979. [Scanning electron microscopy for stomatologic studies].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/292557/
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Flat root surface areas of formalin-stored mandibular incisors with plaque and calculus were scaled by sonic (PHATELUS SONIC SCALER, SONIC FLEX 2000, TITAN-S SONIC SCALER) or ultrasonic instruments (HYGIENIST ULTRASONIC SCALER, CAVITRON) or by a new reciprocating scaling insert for the EVA/PROFIN system. The test areas were photographed by SEM and coded micrographs were independently graded by three examiners using the RCI (Remaining Calculus Index) and the RLTSI (Roughness Loss of Tooth Substance Index). The findings revealed that the sonic scalers as a group removed calculus more completely but also left significantly more roughness and loss of tooth substance than the other instruments tested. No difference was seen between the two ultrasonic scalers. The reciprocating insert gave results similar to those of the ultrasonic except for the scaling time which was significantly longer for the new "cleansing principle".
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This clinical investigation evaluated the effect on subgingival surfaces of three instruments: hand instruments and ultrasonic instruments with modified and unmodified inserts. Ten operators (five dentists and five dental hygienists) performed randomly assigned operative procedures. Pocket depth, instrument limit, and instrument efficiency were evaluated for each type of instrument. The results indicated that there are advantages to using modified ultrasonic inserts for scaling and root planing.