PubMed · 328413
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J Rose. 1977. Dr W. Grey Walter.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7101(77)90009-5
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A combined influence of stimulus orientation and structure on the judgment of length was tested in psychophysiological experiments. The subjects adjusted the test part of a stimulus to be equal in length to the reference part. The orientation of the parts of the stimulus varied in the experiments. The stimuli (three dots or the Oppel-Kundt figure, which had ten dots within the filled part) were generated on the monitor. In the Oppel-Kundt figure, the filled part was considered as a reference and the empty part as a test. In sessions of the experiments, values of errors were measured as functions of the size and orientation of the stimulus. The reference part length varied within 14-150 min are range, and the orientation was fixed in 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees or 270 degrees positions. The orientation of the test part varied from 0 degree to 360 degrees in 7 degrees steps. We assume, that the experiments with the three-dot stimuli yielded pure characteristics of visual field anisotropy, while those with the Oppel-Kundt figure showed the combined effect of both the components (anisotropy and spatial filtering). The data demonstrated independence of the two factors from each other in a simultaneous manifestation. The characteristics of a pure Oppel-Kundt illusion have been found to be in close correspondence with the predictions of the model of spatial filtering.
This paper summarizes recent attempts by this author to create a transdisciplinary, non-Cartesian and non-reductionistic framework for information studies in natural, social, and technological systems. To confront, in a scientific way, the problems of modern information technology where phenomenological man is dealing with socially constructed texts in algorithmically based digital bit-machines we need a theoretical framework spanning from physics over biology and technological design to phenomenological and social production of signification and meaning. I am working with such pragmatic theories as second order cybernetics (coupled with autopolesis theory), Lakoffs biologically oriented cognitive semantics, Peirce's triadic semiotics, and Wittgenstein's pragmatic language game theory. A coherent synthesis of these theories is what the cybersemiotic framework attempts to accomplish.
Telepresence, the perception of presence within a physically remote or simulated site, has been identified as a design ideal for synthetic environments. However, confusion exists within the literature about the precise definition of telepresence. Furthermore, there is a need for a plausible and parsimonious model of telepresence. This paper identifies three types of telepresence extant in the literature: simple telepresence, cybernetic telepresence, and experiential telepresence. The third definition is the most interesting. This paper reviews the origins of experiential telepresence and the theoretical approaches commonly used to explain it. One can term these technological approaches, which emphasize the role of control/display technology, and psychological approaches, which identify experiential telepresence with known psychological phenomena. Finally, the paper presents and discusses an integrative approach to telepresence featuring a structured attentional resource model. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of future human-machine interfaces for teleoperated robots and virtual reality systems.