PubMed · 3349347
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
1988. Urethral versus suprapubic catheterization.. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800750341
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Previous results have indicated that the bilateral cerebral interneuron CC5 mediates the pedal artery shortening that is a component of defensive withdrawal responses involving the head. Current studies suggest that CC5 contributes to aspects of at least six different behaviors: locomotion, head turning, defensive head withdrawal, local tentacular withdrawal, rhythmic feeding, and head lifting. In addition to receiving input from mechanoreceptors in the head, CC5 receives synaptic input during fictive locomotor and feeding programs. Firing of CC5 produces widespread monosynaptic or polysynaptic actions in all ganglia in the animal. CC5 excites presumptive motor neurons for the neck, and its activity can contract neck muscles. The pedal artery shortener motor neuron (PAS), a key excitatory follower cell of CC5, fires during ipsilateral head turning, head withdrawal, tentacle withdrawal, feeding, and locomotion. For all behaviors, except locomotion and biting, responses of PAS were eliminated by cutting the ipsilateral-pleural connective, which interrupts the only direct connection of CC5 to the ipsilateral PAS. The data suggest that CC5 is a multifunctional interneuron that plays different roles during different behaviors. The neuron appears to be involved in producing coordinated movements of the head, involving both somatic and visceral muscles. For some behaviors, or for certain aspects of behaviors, CC5 appears to act as an individual command-like neuron; for other behaviors, CC5 appears to act more as an element of a distributed circuit and is neither necessary nor sufficient for any aspects of the behavior.
The regulation of ob gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was investigated using a reverse transcription-competitive PCR method to quantify the mRNA level of leptin. Leptin mRNA level was highly correlated with the body mass index of 26 subjects (12 lean, 7 non-insulin-dependent diabetic, and 7 obese patients). The effect of fasting on ob gene expression was investigated in 10 subjects maintained on a hypocaloric diet (1045 KJ/d) for 5 d. While their metabolic parameters significantly changed (decrease in insulinemia, glycemia, and resting metabolic rate and increase in plasma ketone bodies), the caloric restriction did not modify the leptin mRNA level in the adipose tissue. To verify whether insulin regulates ob gene expression, six lean subjects underwent a 3-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (846 +/- 138 pmol/liter) clamp. Leptin and Glut 4 mRNA levels were quantified in adipose tissue biopsies taken before and at the end of the clamp. Insulin infusion produced a significant threefold increase in Glut 4 mRNA while leptin mRNA was not affected. It is concluded that ob gene expression is not acutely regulated by insulin or by metabolic factors related to fasting in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.