[First aid].

Abstract

Particular safety measures are suggested that a victim alone at home can practice self-applied first aid without provoking further injury. Mild wound injuries necessitate medical advice in order to determine the necessity of a tetanus shot. A physician should also inspect if the bandaging and medication was properly applied. If only one rescurer is available, there are general criteria which indicate that first aid be given in certain cases while other emergency situations necessitate urgent care. Various examples of emergency situations are illustrated which differentiate between life-threatening situation and less critical emergencies. An immediate evaluation of the severity of the victim's condition with corresponding type of treatment can save the victim's life. Drugs and medications should always be kept in a fixed place which is easily accessible to family members and eventually to medical personnel. We include a list of all necessary first aid materials, and their possible substitution in case they are not available. Fundamental regulations regarding gas leak-related accidents are listed. We advise not ringing the doorbell, electric lights should not be used, the windows and doors should be opened wide and the victim should be dragged away as far as possible. General indications are given in order to slow or decrease external bleeding.