PubMed · 3473021
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1986. 1,3-Dichloropropene.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3473021/
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The pentasaccharide hapten released from the glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigen of M. avium serovar 26 has been characterized as O-(2,4-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid-(1-->4)-O-(2-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-6-deoxy-L-talose. The allyl glycosides of the outer glycosyl and glycobiosyl units of this hapten have been synthesized, the latter by a route involving oxidation of the corresponding D-glucopyranose derivative. Conjugation of allyl glycosides to protein by ozonolysis and reductive coupling afforded neoantigens (neo 26-1 and 26-2), both of which interacted with antibodies to M. avium serovar 26. The terminal sugar residue of the pentasaccharide hapten of the serovar 25 GPL had been shown to have the galacto configuration on the basis of 1H-13C NMR correlation spectroscopy, but absolute configurational assignment for the sugar awaited the synthesis, as for neo 26, of two glycobiosyl NGPs bearing the terminal sugar in the D and L enantiomeric forms, respectively. Only the glycobiosyl NGP bearing the terminal sugar as the D-enantiomer interacted with antibodies to M. avium serovar 25, thus providing evidence for the absolute configuration of the sugar, and showing that the complete oligosaccharide hapten has the structure, O-(4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-2-O-methyl-alpha-D- galactopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid-(1-->4)-O-(2-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-6-deoxy-L-talose.
The rate of transformation of the soil fumigant (Z)-and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene in moist soil layers was measured at incubation temperatures of 5 degrees C, 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C. 'DD95' was added to four characterized soil layers, in amounts corresponding to realistic field contents after fumigation. Rapid transformation immediately after application was observed in layers with low initial contents (30-300 micrograms/kg dm) and could well be described with a first-order rate model. Incubation at higher doses (5-15 mg/kg dm respectively) showed distinctly different transformation pathways. Degradation curves could well be computed using a microbiological interspective competition (MIC) model for moist soil. The transformation rate is inversely correlated to microorganism population size and growth. Transformation curves described by MIC are characterized by a lag-time, a period of accelerated transformation and a period of decreasing transformation rates. At low temperatures, DT50 values of more than 20 days could be observed. First-order rate computations did not exceed 8 days. The use of different mathematical discriptions for various soil layers and soil temperatures permits simulation of DD95-transformation by microorganisms in the soil profile throughout the growing season.
Diallyl sulfide (DAS), one of a number of organosulfur compounds accounting for the flavor and smell associated with garlic, has been shown to inhibit a number of chemically induced forms of cancer. In this study, DAS was examined for its chemopreventive effects in both the initiation and post-initiation phases of nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal carcinogenesis in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Although highly inhibitory during initiation, DAS is ineffective when given after the carcinogen. DAS, though not effective as a preventive in post-initiation, was not found to promote esophageal carcinogenesis.