PubMed · 3503074
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P S Tomlinson, J A Semradek, M T Duncan, S T Boyd. Programmatic research: a collaborative model.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8755-7223(86)80031-x
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We investigated the management of specialist nurses and how district and specialist nurses perceived themselves and each other, in terms of responsibility, autonomy, skills and training, communication, role conflicts and job satisfaction. All locality and neighbourhood nurse managers, all specialist nurses, and all district and community staff nurses in one Health Authority were interviewed and surveyed. There was little disagreement about the role of the specialist nurse. District nurses were largely positive about specialist nurses, but the area of "hands-on" care was difficult for both groups of nurses. Communication between district and specialist nurses needed to be improved. Both specialist nurses and their managers believed that specialists were inappropriately managed.
A shortage of kidneys has been part of kidney transplantation ever since it evolved from its experimental stage and became a therapeutic possibility. However, at present this shortage is more acute than ever before. Post mortem kidney procurement policies can be distinguished into 'opting in' and 'opting out' systems. In the five countries cooperating in Eurotransplant, systems of both kind have been implemented. In this paper the relation between these procurement policies and kidney availability in the Eurotransplant region is examined. The opting out system turns out to be more favourable to kidney procurement than the opting in system. The approach of the next of kin with the donation question happens to be an important barrier for kidney procurement in the opting in system, but fails to appear under opting out. In the epilogue some remarks are made on the possibilities of introduction of the opting out system in countries now applying opting in.