PubMed · 3701774
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W Regan. 1986. Erythema multiforme associated with menstruation.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3701774/
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After identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1989, evidence was established supporting its role in the pathogenesis of a number of cutaneous diseases. This evidence ranges from mere epidemiologic associations, such as lichen planus, to molecular biological investigations that have identified the virus in the pathologic tissues of cutaneous vasculitis, vasculitis with mixed cryoglobulinemia, and porphyria cutanea tarda. We describe a 52-year-old man who was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C, preceding the appearance of lichen planus, erythema nodosum, and erythema multiforme that coincided with the reactivation of viral replication.
Rowell's syndrome is believed to be a distinct and rare clinical entity originally described as lupus erythematosus associated with erythema multiforme-like lesions with immunological findings of speckled antinuclear antibodies, anti-La antibodies and a positive test for rheumatoid factor. We report two additional patients with Rowell's syndrome and review all the diagnostic criteria found in the literature. In view of the inconsistent findings of some of the diagnostic features, we propose that major and minor criteria be used to diagnose Rowell's syndrome.
Erythema multiforme is a distinct cutaneous condition characterized by target lesions. Most cases are associated with HSV infection, which may be subclinical. When the classic target lesions are absent, skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is directed at suppressing outbreaks of HSV infection and controlling symptoms during acute episodes.