PubMed · 3830278
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H W Vayo. 1985. Red cell volume.. https://doi.org/10.3233/bir-1985-22508
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The intracellular sodium concentration and intracellular volume of human red blood cells were determined from 23Na and 1H NMR spectra. It is shown that sodium dissolved in the intracellular water has a concentration higher than that previously published. The intracellular sodium concentration measured was 11.4 +/- 3.1 mM. A comparison of different NMR methods used to determine sodium concentration is given.
Volumetric analysis of urinary red blood cells (RBCs) was performed in two groups of patients: (a) 91 with glomerulonephritis (GN), 158 with non-glomerular diseases (non-GN) and 53 controls without haematuria; (b) 97 with GN and 41 with non-GN diagnoses and greater than or equal to 2+ haematuria, analysed after modified sample preparation (isotonic dilution and haemolysis to eliminate non-RBC debris). In group A, diagnostic ranges were established for modal, mean and differential (urinary-peripheral blood modal) RBC volumes to differentiate GN from non-GN sources of blood loss according to RBC size. 54% (135/249) of modal volumes and 68% (124/183) with greater than or equal to 2+ haematuria were within a diagnostic range of values, i.e. 40-180 fl (sensitivity), and the source of haematuria was correctly identified in 85% (115/135) and 87% (108/124) of these, respectively (specificity). Of the remainder, with modal volumes less than 40 or greater than 180 fl, 45% (51/114) were from GN and 55% (63/114) from non-GN specimens, along with 94% (48/53) controls without haematuria (non-diagnostic analyses). In contrast, whilst 90% (74/82) of mean volumes greater than or equal to 110 fl and 94% (62/66) of differential volumes greater than or equal to 0 fl were from non-GN specimens, values below these were common to both diagnostic groups so that diagnostic sensitivities were reduced to 38% (82/219) and 34% (66/193), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Marked hypoxemia occurs during REM sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. This article deals with the mechanisms, pathophysiologic consequences, and treatment of REM hypoxemia.