PubMed · 3865803
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T Briggs. 1985. Something new about something old.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3865803/
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effectiveness of two piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers and a hand scaler for subgingival scaling and root planing in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with advanced periodontal disease and with teeth scheduled for extraction were selected for this study. Three experimental groups of 10 teeth each were treated with one of two piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers [Vector scaler and Enac scaler] or with a hand scaler. Instrumentation was continued until the root surface felt hard and smooth to an explorer tip. The root surface characteristics after instrumentation were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the amount of remaining calculus, roughness and loss of tooth substance were estimated using the remaining calculus index and roughness loss of tooth substance index. RESULTS: The remaining calculus index did not differ significantly among the three groups. The roughness loss of tooth substance index was significantly lower for the Vector scaler and Enac scaler groups than for the hand scaler group and also differed significantly between the Vector scaler and Enac scaler groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the Vector scaler produces a smooth root surface with minimal loss of tooth substance. It is a reasonable choice for gentle periodontal maintenance treatment.
Scaling and root planing are one of the most commonly used procedures for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Removal of calculus using conventional hand instruments is incomplete and rather time-consuming. In search for more efficient and less difficult instrumentation, investigators have proposed lasers as alternatives or adjuncts for scaling and root planing. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing with erbium: yttrium, aluminium, garnet (Er:YAG) laser and hand instrumentation in vitro. The mesial and distal surfaces of 15 periodontal loosed extracted teeth were treated randomly either by hand instrumentation or by Er:YAG laser irradiation. After choosing the "very long pulse mode" (pulse duration of about 700 micros), the output energy of 160 mJ with 920-microm beam diameter (RO7 Perio tip, Fidelis, Fotona, Slovenia) and frequency of 12 Hz were selected, both according to the best results of past studies. In addition, air water spray was used during the procedures. The morphology of the root surface was evaluated by three observers with a scanning electron microscopy in magnifications of 50x and 400x. The result of this setting showed that the rate of remained roughness on treated root surfaces in two groups of hand instruments and Er:YAG laser had a meaningful difference: The surface roughness in Er:YAG laser group was more than in hand instruments group. The present study could demonstrate the in vitro capability of the Er:YAG laser for scaling and root planing in periodontitis, although the effectiveness of this setting did not reach that achieved by hand instrumentation. It could be concluded that lower frequency and long pulse duration maybe more suitable for the micro-morphology of root surface after treatment. This theory is going to be tested with the same laser instrument in the next study.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objective of subgingival instrumentation of periodontally diseased root surfaces is to remove the adhering microbial biofilm and calcified deposits. Recently, we have described an automated calculus detection system under static conditions. Clinically however, the tip of the system has to be moved over tooth surfaces. It was thus necessary to study the entire system in motion. METHODS: The detection device is based on a conventional dental piezoelectric ultrasonic handpiece with a conventional scaler insert. The impulse response of the mechanical oscillation system is analysed by a fuzzy logic-based computerized algorithm, which classifies various surfaces. The present study investigates dental surface recognition properties of the new system with the tip being moved over teeth surfaces in vitro. Following a training set of 7977 measurements (3960 calculus, 4017 cement) on 200 extracted teeth, 1363 measurements were conducted on 34 teeth unknown to the system. RESULTS: The surfaces cementum and calculus were correctly classified in 78% within the training set and in 81% within the set unknown, with a kappa value of 0.68. CONCLUSION: It was shown that this method of automatic recognition of tooth surfaces is able to distinguish between different tooth surfaces in vitro independently from tip movements.