PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 3916796

Hypovolemic shock.

F M Shamji·T R Todd
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Hypovolemic shock is the most common form of shock seen clinically and has attracted the greatest laboratory interest. It is caused by a sudden decrease in the intravascular blood volume relative to the vascular capacity, to the extent that effective tissue perfusion cannot be maintained. The authors of this article discuss the pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock, the assessment of the patient in shock, the immunologic consequences of shock, impairment of cardiac function in hypovolemic shock, and the management of hypovolemic shock.

Explore related subjects

Body FluidsHeartHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicOxygen ConsumptionResuscitationShockJournal ArticleReview

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

F M Shamji, T R Todd. 1985. Hypovolemic shock.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3916796/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed1999

Head-column field-amplified sample stacking in binary system capillary electrophoresis. Preparation of extracts for determination of opioids in microliter amounts of body fluids.

Head-column field-amplified sample stacking (head-column FASS) is an efficient, on-line sample concentration technique that can easily provide a sensitivity enhancement of three orders of magnitude. Application of head-column FASS to the capillary electrophoretic analysis of opioid extracts prepared from 20 to 100 microliters of human plasma, serum or urine is reported. In the described approach, efficient concentration of cationic opiates from low conductivity extracts of body fluids is effected across a water plug, with separation taking place in a binary buffer comprising 60% (v/v) ethylene glycol, 75 mM Na2HPO4 and 25 mM NaH2PO4 (pH 7.9), and detection is effected at 210 nm. Sample extracts are prepared in 55% (v/v) ethylene glycol containing 100 microM H3PO4. Application of mixed-mode polymer solid-phase resins is shown to provide extracts that are either too salty or contain quite a large number of endogenous substances that could interfere with certain opioids. Liquid-liquid extraction with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane-isopropanol is shown to provide extracts that are sufficiently clean. At a given pH, however, only closely related opioids can be extracted. Using ethyl acetate at alkaline pH, dihydrocodeine and nordihydrocodeine can reproducibly be recovered from 20-100 microliters of plasma, serum and urine. Application of head-column FASS and UV absorption detection thereby leads to the determination of ppb concentrations (> or = 1 ng/ml) of these compounds, an approach that only requires microliter amounts of sample and organic solvents.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1999

[Changes in body fluid compartments estimated by multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis in patients treated by hemodialysis].

Bioimpedance is a simple non-invasive method of assessing body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in body fluid related to haemodialysis on measured bioimpedance parameters, to determine correlation between bioimpedance data and the volume of ultrafiltratum, and to collect data on alterations of body fluids resulting from a treatment. Measurements were done on 19 patients (mean age 36.7 years) prior to and after haemodialysis. After dialysis we found significantly higher impedance values on each measured frequency (1, 5, 10, 50, 100 kHz) (p < 0.001). An inverse correlation was found between the changes in body weight (x) and resistance at 50 kHz (y): y = 8.4830-2.1850x (r = 0.7167, p < 0.01). Total body water calculated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) decreased from 38.47 +/- 8.567 litres (56.07%) to 35.06 +/- 8.045 significantly (p < 0.001), and the reduction of extracellular water proved to be also significant [from 15.76 +/- 2.992 litres (22.97%) to 14.06 +/- 2.736 litres (21.17%), p < 0.001]. The relationship between the change in calculated body water (x) and the volume of ultrafiltratum (y) is: y = -0.5590 + 0.5864x (r = 0.4898 p < 0.05), bioimpedance in our study overestimated the fluid loss by 55%. The intradialytical shifts between extra- and intracellular spaces might be responsible for the difference in the two values.

Body Fluids↗