PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 39821

The British retrospective and prospective studies.

J McEwan
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The clinician needs scientific evidence to enable him to advise patients efficiently and correctly. The sources of this evidence are listed and the part played by each discussed. The rarity of adverse effects from the use of oral contraceptive pills entails the need to make use of epidemiologic studies. The different types of study are briefly described, with examples from recent work carried out in Britain. The advantages and problems of interpretation associated with each are discussed. The present position taken by United Kingdom doctors working in the field of contraceptive practice is summarized.

Explore related subjects

Contraceptives, OralContraceptives, Oral, SyntheticDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansPregnancyProspective StudiesResearch DesignRetrospective StudiesRiskUnited KingdomJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

J McEwan. The British retrospective and prospective studies.. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00962.x

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

The evolution of progesterone receptor ligands.

Progesterone is one of the first nuclear receptor hormones to be described functionally and subsequently approached as a drug target. Because progesterone (1) affects both menstruation and gestation via the progesterone receptor (PR), research aimed at modulating its activity is usually surrounded by controversy. However, ligands for PR were developed into drugs, and their evolution can be crudely divided into three periods: (1) drug-like steroids that mimic the gestational properties of progesterone; (2) drug-like steroids with different properties from progesterone and expanded therapeutic applications; and (3) non-steroidal PR ligands with improved selectivity and modulator properties and further expanded therapeutic applications. Although the latter have yet to see widespread clinical applications, their development is founded on a half century of research, and they represent the future for this drug target.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed2006

[Gynaecological epidemiology].

Epidemiological research has good possibilities in Denmark due to the fact that all people have a personal PIN code and due to our many National health registers. In gynaecology the National Register of Patients, the Birth Registry, IVF-registry, Cancer Registry and latest the National Prescription Database offer unique possibilities of linking exposure data with many clinical outcomes. Danish epidemiology has contributed with morbidity analyses on children concieved by in vitro fertilisation, pharmacoepidemiological studies on short and long term effects of oral contraceptives and hormone therapy and, now, with routine assessment of clinical quality.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Evaluating information on oral contraceptive use: a randomized controlled trial to assess missed pill instructions.

BACKGROUND: Instructions for what women should do when they miss oral contraceptive pills are complex and vary according to the quantity and the timing of missed pills. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the comprehensibility of four types of instructions rendered in both 21- and 28-day versions, as well as in graphic and text formats. Interviews were conducted with 864 current and past pill users in Kingston, Jamaica. Each was provided with scenarios of missed pills and one version of the instructions; they were then asked what they should do to avoid pregnancy. RESULTS: More than 60% of respondents knew what to do when one pill was missed, but most did not give correct answers for missing two or more pills in a row, regardless of the instruction type. CONCLUSION: Women generally do a poor job of identifying steps to take when multiple pills are missed. Graphic instructions are easier to understand than text-only instructions and less information is better. Findings suggest that rendering missed pill instructions in graphic format while scaling back on the breadth of medical information results in better comprehension.

Contraceptives, Oral↗