PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 40829781

Mechanisms of Globin Gene Regulation in Mammals.

Ross C Hardison
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Studies of globin gene clusters have established many paradigms of gene regulation. This review focuses on the α- and β-globin gene clusters of humans and mice, summarizing important insights from high-throughput biochemical assays and directed genetic dissections and emphasizing similarities across the types of gene clusters and between species. The overall arrangements and architectures are similar, with each gene cluster being localized within a topologically constrained unit of chromatin containing a multicomponent enhancer (i.e., a locus control region) and other regulatory elements bound by a similar set of transcription factors and coactivators. Differential expression of the globin genes within each cluster during ontogeny is associated with changes in contacts with the locus control region and involves the action of gene-specific repressors. Detailed study of the fetal β-like HBG1 and HBG2 globin genes has revealed a remarkable diversity of regulatory pathways that provide candidates for therapeutic approaches to reactivate these genes for β-hemoglobinopathies.

Explore related subjects

AnimalsHumansGene Expression RegulationMultigene FamilyMicebeta-Globinsalpha-GlobinsLocus Control RegionGlobinsChromatinMammalsTranscription Factorschromatin architecturefetal hemoglobin reactivationinteraction frequenciesregulatory elementstranscription factorsJournal ArticleReviewResearch Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Ross C Hardison. 2025-08-19. Mechanisms of Globin Gene Regulation in Mammals.. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-020325-095743

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2027

Protocol for Detecting and Sequencing Chikungunya Virus from Field-Collected Mosquitoes.

Arboviral diseases represent a major public health challenge, especially in tropical regions where environmental conditions may favor the proliferation and spread of mosquito vectors. Thus, early and accurate detection of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in mosquito populations can be a valuable tool for effective surveillance of circulating variants and for identifying new viral introductions. Given the challenges of detecting arboviruses in field-captured mosquitoes, we describe an integrated workflow for CHIKV molecular detection and whole-genome sequencing. This protocol includes mosquito homogenization using a bead-based mechanical disruptor, RNA extraction using TRIzol reagent with minor modifications, molecular screening using CHIKV-specific RT-qPCR, and whole-genome amplification followed by sequencing on Illumina platforms. Despite the protocol being optimized for individual mosquitoes, it results in high-quality RNA suitable for both entomological surveillance and genomic analysis. As this protocol allows recovery of complete CHIKV genomes from mosquito specimens, it can serve as a basis for genomic epidemiology studies, enabling monitoring of viral diversity and lineage dynamics, and facilitating early detection of emerging variants to support timely and targeted public health interventions in endemic and at-risk regions.

Animals↗
PubMed2027

Genomic Profiling of Chromatin State Using CUT&Tag.

Alterations in chromatin state, mediated through histone modifications and the incorporation of histone variants, are fundamental to establishing transcriptional networks and cell identity. Recent advances in low-input epigenome profiling methods, such as CUT&Tag and CUT&RUN, have enabled the study of chromatin states from very limited starting materials. In this chapter, we describe procedures for generating CUT&Tag libraries to profile histone modifications and histone variants in early-developing zebrafish embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Relaxin-2: Shaping the Proteomic Landscape of Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Glucose Trafficking, and Mitochondrial Function in Rat.

Relaxin-2 is a hormone with robust beneficial effects on the heart and blood vessels and potential as a therapy for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Considering the interorgan communication between skeletal muscle and heart, and the relation between muscle quality/composition and CV events, we hypothesize that relaxin-2 may regulate skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism. We aim to evaluate the impact of relaxin-2 on the proteome of skeletal muscle from healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were treated with 0.4 mg/kg/day of serelaxin (recombinant form of human relaxin-2) or vehicle (PBS) for 2 weeks employing subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. Skeletal muscle protein identification and quantification were performed by LC-MS/MS using a Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA)-Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra (SWATH) method. SWATH/MS quantitative analysis identified that relaxin-2 significantly decreased 95 proteins and significantly increased 32 proteins in rat skeletal muscle when compared to control rats. From these, 34 proteins were associated with muscle function, myogenesis, muscle differentiation and/or regeneration, 20 are mitochondrial proteins (six from the complexes of the electron transport chain), and 10 proteins participate in glucose metabolism. Qualitative data-dependent workflow analysis identified 35 proteins exclusive to the skeletal muscle of the relaxin-2-treated group: eight proteins related to processes of skeletal muscle function (size, ion homeostasis or organization of caveolae structures and cytoskeleton) and myogenesis, and two proteins involved in muscle differentiation. Our work highlighted for the first time the role of relaxin-2 in crucial processes of muscle physiology and energetic metabolism, which could influence several processes involved in myopathy and CV.

Animals↗