PubMed · 4102994
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1971-05-22. Bronchitis and disability.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4102994/
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Lower airway infections are very common. A distinction should be made between acute tracheobronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and pneumonia, since prognosis and therapy of these diseases are different. Community-acquired pneumonia has to be treated without delay by an antibiotic which is efficient against pneumococci.
BACKGROUND: Despite antibiotic treatment the mortality from inflammations of the airways is still high in our country and worldwide. The objective of the present work is a review of the mortality from respiratory diseases with regard to their prevalence, in relation to gender in the whole Czech Republic and in different regions, in Prague and in southern and northern Bohemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: During the last years the order of mortality from respiratory diseases is as follows: lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and pneumonia, whereby in men the first place is held by lung cancer, in women by pneumonia. In 1992-1994 in the Czech Republic the relative mortality rate from acute bronchitis (bronchiolitis). pneumonia and influenza combined was 24.8, 20.7 and 20.6/100,000 population. In Prague the increment of this mortality was as follows: in 1993-13.5/100,000, in 1994-14.8/100,000. A marked increase was recorded in southern Bohemia (from 16.9 to 26.0) but a drop in northern Bohemia (from 14.5 to 12.2/100,000 population). In 1992 and 1993 in the Czech Republic the number of deaths from diseases associated with respiratory infections -influenza, pneumonia, acute bronchitis (bronchiolitis) and diseases associated with bronchial obstruction (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and pulmonary emphysema) was balanced. In 1994 there was a marked drop in the mortality from diseases with bronchial obstruction as compared with 1993-N 2104/679. In 1994, as compared with 1992 and 1993, the mortality relation in these two groups was reversed and in 1994 mortality from respiratory infections predominates markedly over mortality from obstructions. In Prague infections predominate 1.6 times, in northern Bohemia 1.5 times and in southern Bohemia as much as 3.8 times. CONCLUSIONS: In the Czech Republic the mortality from acute bronchitis (bronchiolitis), pneumonia and influenza combined was in 1993 and 1994 20.7 and 20.6 per 100 000 population. In 1994 the mortality from diseases associated with bronchial obstruction declined markedly, while the mortality from respiratory infections increased in southern Bohemia.
Airway mucus was collected from healthy and chronic bronchitic subjects. The chronic bronchitic sputum was separated into gel and sol phase by centrifugation and mucins were isolated using isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl. The presence of the MUC5AC and MUC2 mucins was investigated with antisera raised against synthetic peptides with sequences from the respective apoproteins. The gel and sol phase of chronic bronchitic sputum as well as healthy respiratory secretions were shown to contain MUC5AC whereas the MUC2 mucin could not be detected. Rate-zonal centrifugation showed that the MUC5AC mucin was large, polydisperse in size and that reduction yielded subunits. Ion-exchange HPLC revealed the presence of two subunit populations in all secretions, the MUC5AC subunits always being the more acidic. MUC5AC is thus the first large, subunit-based, gel-forming respiratory mucin identified and this glycoprotein is biochemically distinct from at least one other population of large, gel-forming mucins also composed of subunits but lacking a genetic identity.