PubMed · 4116830
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1972-11-04. Fetal-maternal incompatibility.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4116830/
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A lectin has been purified from the carpophores of the mushroom Polyporus squamosus by a combination of affinity chromatography on beta-D-galactosyl-Synsorb and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. Gel filtration chromatography, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicated that the native lectin, designated P. squamosus agglutinin, is composed of two identical 28-kDa subunits associated by noncovalent bonds. P. squamosus agglutinin agglutinated human A, B, and O and rabbit red blood cells but precipitated only with human alpha(2)-macroglobulin, of many glycoproteins and polysaccharides tested. The detailed carbohydrate binding properties of the purified lectin were elucidated using three different approaches, i.e. precipitation inhibition assay (in solution binding assay), fluorescence quenching studies, and glycolipid binding by lectin staining on high-performance thin layer chromatography (solid-phase binding assay). Based on the results obtained by these assays, we conclude that although the P. squamosus lectin binds beta-D-galactosides, it has an extended carbohydrate-combining site that exhibits highest specificity and affinity toward nonreducing terminal Neu5Acalpha2, 6Galbeta1,4Glc/GlcNAc (6'-sialylated type II chain) of N-glycans (2000-fold stronger than toward galactose). The strict specificity of the lectin for alpha2,6-linked sialic acid renders this lectin a valuable tool for glycobiological studies in biomedical and cancer research.
Persons of blood group O are at increased risk of peptic ulcers. Enhanced binding of Helicobacter pylori to epithelial cells of persons of blood group O has been demonstrated. Release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by human leukocytes from 40 donors (10 from each ABO blood group) was measured after incubation in vitro with outer membrane protein preparations of H. pylori. Isolates DU (from a patient with a duodenal ulcer), GC (from a patient with gastric cancer), NE (from a patient with normal endoscopic findings), and NCTC 11637 bound in significantly higher numbers to group O leukocytes. Bacterial binding correlated with release of IL-6 and TNF-alpha but not of IL-10. Group O cells released significantly more IL-6 in response to DU, NE, and NCTC 11637, and the cells released more TNF-alpha in response to DU and NCTC 11637. Increased density of colonization of epithelial cells and higher inflammatory responses to H. pylori of persons of blood group O might contribute to increased susceptibility to peptic ulceration.
BACKGROUND: In organ transplantation, each country has specific rules of allocation. We have retrospectively evaluated the French liver transplant waiting list for the period 1992-1996, during which time the rules for allocation remained stable. Mortality while on the waiting list and waiting times were the two principal endpoints. METHODS: Using the Etablissement Français des Greffes (EFG) registry, the study was conducted in three steps: (1) description of the waiting list population; (2) analysis of the outcome of patients, with the use of a logistic model to explain death while on the waiting list; (3) estimation of waiting times and use of a Cox model to explain waiting times. RESULTS: The distribution of patients with regard to degree of urgency, age, blood type, and liver disease was variable according to the the EFG region. The outcome of patients was variable according to blood type and to EFG region. Patients classed as "extremely urgent" did not have a different outcome compared to elective patients. The logistic model indicated that two factors influenced the death: blood group and EFG region. Waiting times were variable according to EFG region; age and blood group had an influence on waiting times for a graft. The Cox model indicated the independent influence of EFG region on waiting times. CONCLUSION: We found geographical disparities between patients with respect to time on the waiting list. However, the database must be improved by including the risk profile of each patient, leading to changes in rules for a better allocation of transplants.