PubMed · 4118563
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H Gainsborough. 1973-01-06. Gallstone dissolution by chenodeoxycholic acid.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91255-5
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Clostridium scindens is a keystone bacterial species in the mammalian gut that, while low in abundance, has a significant impact on bile acid and steroid metabolism. Numerous studies indicate that the two most studied strains of C. scindens (i.e. ATCC 35704 and VPI 12708) are important for a myriad of physiological processes in the host. We focus on both historical and current microbiological and molecular biology work on the Hylemon-Björkhem pathway and the steroid-17,20-desmolase pathway that were first discovered in C. scindens. Our most recent analysis now calls into question whether strains currently defined as C. scindens represent two separate taxonomic groups. Future directions include developing genetic tools to further explore the physiological role of bile acid and steroid metabolism by strains of C. scindens and the causal role of these pathways in host physiology and disease.
The initial rate of transport of the bile acid glycocholic acid (GCA) has been measured in influx and efflux across placental basal membrane vesicles, and the mechanism of inhibition of its transport by the analogue taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) analysed kinetically. This analogue, although trans-stimulating GCA efflux, inhibits influx in a way which does not depend upon substrate concentration; moreover, its potency as an inhibitor is markedly influenced by whether it is placed on one or on both sides of the vesicles membrane. These findings can be accounted for by postulating that both GCA and TCDCA are translocated through the carrier, but that the rate of loaded carrier reorientation is higher than that of the free carrier only when loaded with TCDCA and not with GCA.
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