PubMed · 413157
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G van der Reide-Schoon. 1977. Electron therapy and its preparations.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/413157/
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PURPOSE: In breast radiotherapy, delivery of manually-calculated electron boosts limits retrospective dose-response analyses as dose distribution is unavailable. This work evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing dose distributions from manually planned electron boosts in breast-conserving radiotherapy. METHODS: Only 72 out of 198 breast cancer patients had complete stored dose distributions from sequential electron boosts in the REQUITE study. Arbitrary data from 70/72 patients were used to develop and validate dose reconstruction method. Twenty patients were used to determine optimal parameters for Monte-Carlo-based (MC) electron dose reconstruction on RayStation (v.11B-R), considering CT-calibration curve, MC-history number, andcalculation grid resolution. Remaining 50 patients were used to quantify dose reconstruction accuracy. The similarity between reconstructed and stored dose was evaluated using 3D-gamma index and dosimetric parameters extracted from breast and tumour bed contours. Dose difference location was evaluated using dose-location histogram. RESULTS: Calculation grid resolution significantly impacted electron dose distribution (p < 0.01), where the finest grid (0.15 cm) showed highest similarity to stored doses. CT-calibration curve and MC-history number had a negligible influence on dose reconstruction. Dosimetric difference between reconstructed and stored doses was < 1 Gy for breast and tumour bed. Reconstructed dose was achieved > 90% gamma passing rate in the validation set. However, around 2.5 Gy dose differences were observed at the skin and tissue interface regions. CONCLUSIONS: Retrospective electron boost dose reconstruction is feasible with acceptable accuracy, and could increase data completeness in large cohort studies. Caution is advised when assessing dose near tissue interface and further validation is needed outside the REQUITE dataset.
A trochoidal electron monochromator has been interfaced to a mass spectrometer to perform electron capture negative ion mass spectrometric (ECNIMS) analyses of environmentally relevant chemicals. The kinetic energy of the electron beam can be varied from 0.025 to 30 eV under computer control. No reagent gas is used to moderate the electron energies. An electron energy spread of +/- 0.1 to +/- 0.4 eV full width at half-maximum (fwhm) can readily be obtained at a transmitted current of 2 x 10(-6) A, improving to +/- 0.07 eV at 5 x 10(-7) A. Comparisons of ECNI results from the electron monochromator/mass spectrometer system with those from a standard instrument that uses a moderating gas show similar spectra for heptachlor but not for the s-triazine herbicides, as for example, atrazine. This compound shows numerous adduct ions by standard ECNIMS that are eliminated by using the electron monochromator to generate the mass spectra. Isomeric tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins show distinct differences in the electron energies needed to produce the maximum amount of parent and fragment anions. Multiple resonance states resulting in stable radical anions (M.-) are easily observed for nitrobenzene and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Ionic products of dissociative electron capture invariably occur from several resonance states.
A mercury microelectrode formed by electroreduction of mercury on an inlaid gold microdisk is experimentally shown to be well modeled by oblate spheroidal geometry when the ratio of the semiminor axis to the semimajor axis of the protruding drop is less than 1. The validity of the geometry is established by comparison of the experimentally determined coefficient in the steady-state diffusion current equation with the theoretical value for oblate spheroidal geometry. Spherical cap geometry is also shown to be an equally valid geometric model; however, theoretical treatment for this system is more difficult. The theory of a quasi-reversible electrode process is developed and applied to the determination of the electrode parameters of the RuIII(NH3)6/RuII(NH3)6 electrode reaction on a mercury oblate spheroidal microelectrode. Results agree well with others found in the literature for the same process on a mercury electrode.