PubMed · 4144849
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R F Steel, W Anderson. 1972. The interaction between kaolinite and Staphylococcus aureus.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4144849/
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The contamination of water resources by uranyl (UO22+) ions poses significant environmental and health risks, requiring the development of efficient and sustainable remediation strategies. Adsorption-based techniques have emerged as promising approaches in the field of UO22+ removal, but the design of cost-effective, high-capacity, and environmentally friendly adsorbents remains challenging. In this study, a three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxyapatite@gelatin (nHAP@Ge) composite was synthesized through glutaraldehyde cross-linking, combining the structural stability of Ge with the high uranium affinity of nHAP. The optimized nHAP@Ge, with a nHAP:Ge mass ratio of 1:0.5, exhibited exceptional UO22+ removal efficiency (97 %), along with high adsorption capacity (364.03 mg/g). Systematic characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods revealed that the porous structure and surface functional groups (-OH, Ca2+, and PO43-) of the material synergistically contributed to binding UO22+ species. Furthermore, the incorporation of nHAP into the Ge framework resulted in enhanced thermal stability while significantly improving the UO22+ adsorption performance. This work presents a scalable, eco-friendly, and recyclable strategy for the effective treatment of uranium-contaminated water, with potential applications in nuclear wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
We have employed two complementary techniques, namely, the magnetic chaining technique (MCT) and a variant of the Mysels cell to obtain data concerning the repulsive interaction profiles between protein layers formed at liquid-liquid interfaces. For BSA-stabilized systems, a long-ranged repulsion is operative. It is not of an electrostatic origin, but originates most probably from the formation of multiple protein layers at the interface. The interactions between beta-casein layers formed at the water/oil interface are governed by electrostatic repulsion. Due to the relatively large final thickness of approximately 20 nm, the van der Waals contribution to the total disjoining pressure is inferior. The oscillatory component is also negligible for the studied protein concentration of 0.1 wt.%. For both proteins, the extracted information describes the situation where the protein-covered surfaces are approached/manipulated in a quasi-static manner. We observe a very good agreement between the data obtained from MCT and Mysels cell. The comparison of our results with literature data from surface force apparatus (SFA) experiments reveals a substantial difference in the force laws existing between protein-stabilized liquid droplets and mica surfaces covered by proteins. We explain this discrepancy in terms of the different protein absorption on solid and liquid interfaces. We also measured the threshold force necessary to induce irreversible flocculation in beta-casein and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) stabilized emulsions. Under similar conditions, the threshold flocculation force is higher for beta-casein than for BLG stabilized droplets. The flocs formed from BLG covered droplets are tight and remain without visible change for at least 48 h. We speculate that the flocculation is due to formation of protein aggregates between the approaching droplets.
The use of polymeric surfactants for stabilization of emulsions is described. A brief account of general classification and description of polymeric surfactants is given. This is followed by a description of the adsorption and conformation of polymeric surfactants at interfaces. The theoretical approaches for studying polymer adsorption are briefly described. This is followed by a section on the experimental techniques that can be applied to study adsorption and conformation of polymers at the interface. Examples are given to illustrate the experimental techniques. A section is devoted to the interaction between droplets containing adsorbed polymer layers (steric stabilization). The last section gives results on oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilised with a novel graft copolymeric surfactant based on inulin that has been modified by introducing alkyl groups. Two oils were used, namely Isopar M (isoparaffinic oil) and cyclomethicone. Emulsions prepared using the inulin-based surfactant have large droplets, but this could be significantly reduced by addition of a cosurfactant in the oil phase, namely Span 20. The stability of the emulsions was investigated in water, in 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mol dm(-3) NaCl and in 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mol dm(-3) MgSO(4). These emulsions were stable for more than 1 year up to 50 degrees C in NaCl concentrations up to 2 mol dm(-3) and 1 mol dm(-3) MgSO(4). This high stability in high electrolyte concentrations could be attributed to the nature of the hydrophilic (stabilizing) polyfructose chain. This was confirmed using cloud point measurements, which showed high hydration of the polyfructose chain in such high electrolyte concentrations. This ensured the long-term physical stability resulting from the strong steric repulsion between the polyfructose chains.