PubMed · 43502
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S Wunderer. 1978. [Trauma to teeth and alveolar process].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43502/
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The aim of these animal experiments was to characterize and evaluate the healing-in of root analogue titanium implants fitting with high precision to the alveolar wall. Four beagle dogs were used in the study. The roots of the 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars in both quadrants of 3 dogs and in 1 quadrant of 1 dog (dog 4) were extracted after hemisection. Each root was machine-copied to 1 titanium analogue. In dog 4, however, 2 titanium analogues were fabricated from each of the 4 extracted roots. This enabled insertion of analogues also into the contralateral sockets obtained by extraction of the corresponding roots immediately before implant installation, which was undertaken 2 weeks after the first extractions. Thus, in all, 32 analogues were implanted in their respective (or contralateral) sockets following ridge incision and elevation of mucoperiosteal flaps. The analogues were carefully covered by the repositioned flaps. In dog 4, 2 analogues from the immediate sockets and 2 from the 2-week sockets were surgically exposed and supplied with titanium crowns after a healing period of 2 months. The healing after implantation was evaluated by clinical, radiographic and histological measures after 2, 12 or 36 months. Two analogues (6%) were lost due to early (during the 1st week) exposure to the oral cavity. Another 2 analogues (6%) were, although not exposed, encapsulated by soft tissue and were easily removed with a surgical forceps. Twenty-eight analogues (88%) were healed-in by contact between bone and implant (osseointegration).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Obtaining a connective tissue attachment to the root surface following a mucoperiosteal flap surgery has been a goal of periodontal therapy for a long time. The objective of this study was to examine whether controlled de-epithelialization with the CO2 laser would retard the apical migration of the epithelium and thereby increase the amount of connective tissue attachment. Elastics were placed on the maxillary premolars and incisors of 7 cynomolgus monkeys to create periodontal defects. Open flap debridement was performed on each side. On the experimental side, the oral epithelium was removed by CO2 laser irradiation. This report describes the 3 specimens at 7, 14, and 28 days respectively. On the control side sulcular epithelium was seen at 14 days. Sulcular epithelium was first seen on the test side at 28 days. For all specimens over 7 days, there was a trend to less epithelium and more connective tissue attachment on the experimental side than on the control side. However, no statistical analysis was possible on this histologic study. The CO2 laser may be a useful tool to retard epithelium and thereby enhance new connective tissue attachment.
From our data on 46 patients operated on by one surgeon in 1961 and 1962 who were regularly examined up to adulthood, it may be concluded that the growth results of the two-stage palatoplasty, when the second stage is done before the patient is 7 years of age, are almost identical to the results of one-stage palate repair performed at the age of 3 to 4 years. However, a greater orthodontic effort is needed to achieve a properly aligned dentoalveolar arch with the two-stage palatoplasty.