PubMed · 4383260
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L C Mark. 1967. Analeptics: changing concepts, declining status.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4383260/
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A wide range of stimulants was rapidly and efficiently separated with symmetrical peak shapes with a tertiary supercritical mobile phase and a cyanopropyl liquid chromatography column. Compared with other drug families studied in this series, the stimulants exhibited a much broader range of retention. Several strong bases, including primary aliphatic amines, were easily eluted with a modified mobile phase. The stimulants were generally more retained than antipsychotic drugs. Compared with antidepressant drugs, a few stimulants behaved similarly, but most were more strongly retained. Modifier concentration proved to be the most effective means for changing both retention and selectivity. An over-the-counter eye drop solution (an aqueous buffer) was analyzed for tetrahydrozoline. The positive results with good peak shapes indicate that packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography is compatible with at least small aqueous samples.
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Concerns about the toxicities of psychomotor stimulants originate primarily from effects seen at high doses, when stimulants are abused. Low dose use in the apathetic medically ill patient has been generally associated with only minimal, short lived side effects, which are detailed herein. Confusion may be worsened in already delirious patients. Anxiety, psychosis, cardiovascular effects, insomnia, and tremor may occur but infrequently require discontinuation. Appetite is normally stimulated in the medically ill. In fact, stimulants are frequently utilized in the medically ill largely because of their minimal toxicity. The history of U.S. stimulant abuse in the twentieth century is briefly discussed. Abuse of prescribed stimulants appears to be infrequent. Over-zealous concern regarding abuse has previously led to unfortunate declines in appropriate utilization of stimulants, e.g., for attention deficit disorder. Guidelines for prescribing stimulants in light of abuse potential are included.