PubMed · 444198
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H Kiefer. 1979. [Uricemia in broilers].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/444198/
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A study was conducted to investigate causes of lamb morbidity and mortality on farms and on-station at Debre Berhan during 1989 and 1990. It showed pneumonia (bacterial and/or verminous), starvation-mismothering exposure (SME) complex, gastrointestinal parasites, enteritis, abomasal impaction and physical injuries to be important health constraints on productivity. Neonatal mortalities were 51.5% and 46.3% on farms and on-station respectively and occurred owing to management problems such as SME, abomasal impaction and physical injuries. On the farms the lamb birth weight was 2.56 +/- 0.25 kg and was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the dam's age, lambing weight, litter size, sex of lamb and year of lambing, but not by the season of lambing. Birth weight significantly (p < 0.05) influenced lamb mortality. Lambs with a low birth weight tended to die from SME. Morbidities and mortalities due to infectious causes increased in older lambs, suggesting that infections were acquired with age when resistance was lowered owing to inadequate nutrition and poor management. Heavy loss of lambs could be overcome by such health management interventions as foster mothering, warming lambs during the cold season and vaccination with polyvalent vaccines against pasteurellosis, clostridial infection and Dictyocaulus filaria.
Flight initiation in Triatoma infestans is associated with low nutritional status and increases with rising temperature; it appears to be largely independent of bug age and sex. A predictive model for the probability of flight initiation was constructed based on weight:length ratios of the bugs and maximum ambient temperature, both of which can be ascertained in the field. The model accurately predicted the proportion of bugs initiating flight in > 85% of the groups used in our study. The predictive equation was found to give significant fits with two independent data sets. From our results it might be expected that flight would be rare during colder (< 20 degrees C) months but that 5-10% of the normal population of an infested house would fly on any given night during the hotter months when temperatures approach 30 degrees C. If bug nutritional status falls significantly, this proportion could be expected to rise to 30%.