PubMed · 4468153
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P François, J C Hache, P Goeminne. 1974. [Macular electrooculogramm].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4468153/
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A method for monitoring eye movements in humans during functional MRI is presented. It is based on the acquisition of electro-oculographic (EOG) signals near one eye. EOG potentials were amplified and converted into an optical signal just outside the head coil. An optical fiber was used for signal transmission from inside the magnet bore to the control room. The EOG sensor was tested during EPI sequences at 1.5 Tesla without contamination of the MR signal. Some flow related artifacts on the EOG were observed inside the magnet, but no additional interactions from the MR sequence. An analysis of the latency, direction, and amplitude of the saccadic eye movements was possible.
Automatic long-term vigilance analysis systems require information about the occurrence and type of eye movements, in addition to information about other physiological signals. This paper presents a method to detect different types of eye movements in ambulatory recordings. The method is based on the application of a weighted FIR-median-hybrid filter in the preprocessing of the signal and on the novel use of linear correlation between two EOG signals which are obtained using a new, improved electrode montage. The evaluation of the method showed that it performed well in detecting isolated unambiguous eye movements, but differences were observed in comparison to visual scoring in borderline cases. The method was found to be suitable for use as part of a signal analysis system for drowsiness studies.
In order to determine the characteristics of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) as a function of age and posturo-motor development, a group of 26 normal children (6 to 25 months old) were tested at three different stages of posturo-motor control: prior to as well as during the first attempts to walk without support, and during the first year of independent walking. The test consisted of electro-oculographic (EOG) recordings of the VOR responses to horizontal semi-circular canal and otolith stimulations. The canal VOR was elicited in seated subjects by rotatory impulsions about a vertical axis (acceleration and deceleration both at 40 degrees/s2, separated by a rotation at 60 degrees/s velocity). The otolith VOR was elicited by inclining the rotating chair by 9 degrees respect to gravity. For the canal VOR, the time constant and the highest initial slow phase velocity were measured. The otolith VOR was characterized by the amplitude of the modulation and the bias (offset of baseline from zero) of the slow phase velocity averaged over 10 to 20 rotation cycles, for both the horizontal and vertical components of the response. The pooled values of these data show that canal VOR parameters did not vary significantly either with age of the children or with their stage of posturo-motor control. However, the otolith VOR parameters changed during the period of learning to walk: the modulation of the horizontal component increased and the modulation of the vertical component decreased significantly. Thus the ability to walk without support is marked by a significant change in the otolith but not canal responses; since the vestibular sensory organs develop anatomically at the same rate these results indicate that central nervous system processors of canal and otolith information develop independently.