PubMed · 4530107
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M R Johns, M E Boone, J E House, J E Ward. 1974. Cleaning procedure for applicator brushes.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(74)90080-8
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UNLABELLED: Genomic analysis of mycobacteria has become increasingly crucial for understanding drug-resistance mechanisms, molecular epidemiology, and pathogenesis. However, efficient extraction of high-molecular-weight genomic DNA from these organisms remains challenging because of their thick mycolic acid-rich cell walls. In this study, we report the chloroform-bead method, a universal DNA extraction protocol that combines chemical and mechanical disruptions to overcome these challenges. Multi-laboratory evaluation (16 sites) demonstrated the chloroform-bead method's superiority over conventional methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (DNA yield: 17.9 vs 1.9 µg, purity A260/A230: 1.86 vs 1.22, both P < 0.001). Single-facility assessment extended these findings to >32 nontuberculous mycobacterial species (n = 1,058), showing performance comparable to M. tuberculosis (n = 1,000), with both achieving median yields of 22.2 µg DNA and consistent quality metrics. The chloroform-bead method significantly reduced the processing time from 2 to 3 days to 2 h while ensuring complete sample sterilization, eliminating the need for species-specific optimization. This streamlined and universally applicable protocol represents a practical advancement in mycobacterial DNA extraction methodology, ideal for high-throughput genomic studies and routine clinical diagnostics. IMPORTANCE: Mycobacterial genomics is crucial for understanding pathogenesis and drug resistance; however, DNA extraction remains a significant challenge because of its unique cell wall. Traditional methods rely on enzymatic treatments, resulting in complex and time-consuming protocols with variable results. The chloroform-bead method introduces a paradigm shift by chemically and mechanically disrupting the mycolic acid layer and eliminating the need for enzymatic treatment. This standardized approach ensures consistent, high-quality DNA extraction across diverse mycobacterial species, thereby enhancing research capabilities and clinical applications.
Conventional and enhanced 1D experiments and different NOESY experiments (the 2D unbiased method) were performed for measuring CSA/DD cross-correlated relaxation on trehalose, a compound which could be approximated as a spherical top, and on simple model compounds comprising C3v symmetry (CHCl3, triphenylsilane (TPSi)). The comparison gives experimental evidence for the equivalence of the methods within the limits of the two-spin approach. 1D data are evaluated with both the simple initial rate and the Redfield relaxation matrix approach. The 2D data are obtained from the so-called transfer matrix using the Perrin-Gipe eigenvalue/eigenvector method. For the improved performance of the 2D method, an X-filtered (HHH) NOESY is suggested at the natural abundance of 13C (or other dilute, low gamma species). Also, experimental parameters crucial for reliable CSA data are tested (e. g., the impact of insufficient relaxation delay). Error estimation is carried out for fair comparison of methods. Revised liquid state 1H and 13C (29Si) CSA data are presented for chloroform and TPSi.
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