PubMed · 4600288
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L Marvitz. 1974. [Porcelain teeth].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4600288/
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Commercially pure titanium (CPT) substrate was subjected to porcelain firing and bond strengths under three-point bending mode (span length: 15 mm; crosshead speed: 0.5 mm/min) were evaluated. Experimental variables included surface treatments of CPT and porcelain firing schedules. Variables for the surface treatments were (1) sandblasting, (2) mono- and triple-layered nitridation, and (3) mono-layered chrome-doped nitridation. Variables for the porcelain firing schedule included (4) bonding agent application, (5) bonding agent plus gold bonding agent application, and (6) Procera porcelain application. All together eleven sample groups were prepared with different combination of aforementioned experimental variables. Statistically all of them exhibited no significant differences. Hence, we employed two further criteria; (I) the minimum bond strength should exceed the maximum porcelain strength per se, and (II) the CPT substrate should not be heated close to the beta-transus temperature. After applying these criteria, it was concluded that mono-layered nitridation and mono-layered application of chrome-doped nitridation on both (with and without) sandblasted and non-sandblasted surfaces were the most promising conditions for a successful Titanium-Porcelain System.
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A number of features of T2 measurements for fluids in porous media have shown behavior contrary to that suggested by intuition developed in other areas. For porous media with relatively uniform pore spaces the following have been observed, in each case for certain ranges only of Xv (susceptibility difference times frequency), D (diffusion coefficient), a (a pore dimension), porespace shape and distribution, echo-time t for single echoes and half-echo-spacing tau for CPMG): (1) In S(t) for FID (free induction decay, S for signal) with constant slope after an initial period of increasing slope; (2) In Ss(t) for single (subscript s) echoes linear (instead of cubic) in t after an initial period; (3) for CPMG R(tau) = 1/T2(tau) - 1/T2(tau-->0) linear in tau over a substantial range; (4) slope of R(tau) independent of D and alpha for this range; (5) slope R(s) of In Ss(t) independent of D and a, and (6) R(s)(t) and R(tau) at long times linear (instead of quadratic) in Xv. These features appear to be compatible with the assumption of a truncated Cauchy-Lorentz distribution of the local magnetic fields due to susceptibility differences. The statistics of repeated sampling of local fields in different parts of the porespace during diffusion lead to a suppression, after a short time, of the effects of diffusion on the FID decay rate and the single-echo decay rate over significant ranges of the parameters. Data are presented to extend the range of parameters studied previously.