PubMed · 464274
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P H Brand, R Stansbury. 1979-04-01. Improved microdialysis technique.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90798-x
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A mathematical framework was developed for the evaluation of a recycle dialysis membrane reactor (RDMR). The lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil in an AOT-iso-octane reversed micellar system was employed as a model. Three specific operational strategies have been considered, namely batch, fed-batch, and fed-batch--bleed. Simulation shows the conversion of substrate to be strongly dependent on efficient use of the substrate, since the permeability coefficients of both substrate and product are quite similar. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the influences of various parameters (membrane area, substrate feed rate, solvent bleed rate and permeability) on the performance of the reactor in different modes of operation. The analyses presented are useful to assist the optimization of the operational strategy used for the RDMR system.
A five-compartment electrodialyzer with immobilized urease was developed for the removal of urea from aqueous solution. The immobilized urease, supported on polyurethane foam, was placed in the central (dilute) compartment, where urea was hydrolyzed and the products NH4+ and CO3(2-)/HCO3- were removed simultaneously by electrodialysis. The system was studied both under constant current and under constant voltage. The effects of urea concentration and applied current or voltage on the removal of urea and ammonium ions from the dilute solution were investigated. The variations of the pH of dilute solution, the current or voltage of system, and current efficiency were also examined during reaction-electrodialysis. The removal of urea by enzymic reaction was not affected significantly by the applied electric field. The current efficiencies for removing ammonium ions from dilute solution were mostly within 40-80%, and the removal percentage of ammonium ions was dependent on current density and current efficiency.