PubMed · 4667090
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M W Feldman. 1972. Selection for linkage modification. I. Random mating populations.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(72)90007-x
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In the Admixture Model, the probability that an individual carries a certain allele at a specific marker depends on the allele frequencies in K ancestral populations and the proportion of the individual's genome originating from these populations. The markers are assumed to be independent. The Linkage Model is a Hidden Markov Model that extends the Admixture Model by incorporating linkage between neighboring loci. We prove consistency and asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimators for the ancestry of individuals in the Linkage Model, complementing earlier results by (Pfaff et al., 2004; Pfaffelhuber and Rohde, 2022; Heinzel, 2025) for the Admixture Model. These results are used to prove that a statistical test that allows for model selection between the Admixture Model and the Linkage Model is an asymptotic level-α-test. Finally, we demonstrate the practical relevance of our results by applying the test to real-world data from The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2015).
Tetrad analysis is a genetic method that can locate genes and centromeres on a linkage map with a high degree of precision. Despite its effectiveness and accuracy, application of this method is generally limited to fungi, algae and mosses. Here we demonstrate a new method of tetrad analysis that is applicable to other organisms. This combines tetrad analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and is thus referred to as tetrad-FISH analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method using tetrads of rye, Secale cereale. The rye strain JNK contains interstitial heterochromatin in a region of Chromosome 2R. We have previously cloned the tandemly repeated sequence forming this heterochromatin in the plasmid pScJNK. We performed FISH using pScJNK as the probe on tetrads obtained from heterozygotes for the heterochromatin region. The frequency of tetrads demonstrating positive signals in two cells that are diagonally opposite one another must correspond to the frequency of recombination in the interval between the heterochromatin and the centromere. Comparison between the results of tetrad-FISH analysis and linkage maps based on RFLP markers clearly indicated that heterochromatin strongly suppresses recombination of whole chromosomal regions. We discuss the effectiveness of tetrad-FISH analysis, particularly for the localization of functional centromeres in linkage maps.
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