PubMed · 4697352
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T Kohonen. 1973. A new model for randomly organized associative memory.. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207457309149446
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Studies of amnesia have demonstrated that the hippocampus is necessary for long-term memory, but its precise role in memory is unknown. We designed a positron emission tomography experiment with tailored encoding and retrieval tasks that permitted the isolation of different mnemonic functions theorized to be mediated by the hippocampus. These functions included encoding single items, establishing interitem associations, novelty detection, and retrieving recently formed associations. Of these, we found hippocampal and parahippocampal activation only during associative learning. Our results indicate that the hippocampal formation may be particularly involved in the establishment of associations among components of an episode in memory.
In a visual search task, participants identified the presence of a unique shape against a background of homogeneous distractors. Types of prior experience with the target, the distractor, or both were examined. In 2 experiments, a preexposure (PE) phase was followed by a test phase. The test display consisted of a target that was either target or distractor in PE or novel. Distractors were either targets or distractors in PE or novel. Reaction time was fastest for novel targets with familiar distractors, irrespective of the source of familiarity, and slowest for novel targets with novel distractors. Results are discussed in terms of attentional explanations of latent inhibition (LI) and perceptual learning and of visual search phenomena, such as novel popout. LI, previously attributed only to a deficit in the stimulus preexposed group, may also be due to enhanced performance in the nonpreexposed group.