PubMed · 4708370
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J Manelis, G Manelis. 1973-04-15. [Transient global amnesia].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4708370/
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BACKGROUND: Previous reports of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with biliary pancreatitis suggested increased operative difficulty, high rates of conversion, and greater morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Between 1990 and 1997, LC was performed for biliary pancreatitis in 63 patients (Group I) and for other causes in 829 patients (Group II). RESULTS: Patients with biliary pancreatitis were significantly older (median age 57 vs 50 years, p = 0.009), with greater co-morbidity (ASA III/IV 24% vs 11%, p = 0.008). The groups were comparable with respect to the frequency of previous abdominal operations, acute inflammation of the gallbladder, and the frequency of bile duct calculi detected by intraoperative cholangiography. Moderate to severe adhesions involving the gallbladder were significantly more frequent in patients with biliary pancreatitis (46% vs 29%, p = 0.004). No significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to intraoperative (1.5% Group I vs 6.0% Group II, p = 0.109) or postoperative complications (10% vs 8%, p = 0.426), conversion rate (0 vs 2.7%, p = 0.181), or duration of operation (median 92 vs 85 min, p = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Despite increased age and co-morbidity and more frequent adhesions, our data showed no evidence that intraoperative or postoperative complications were more frequent in patients with biliary pancreatitis than in other patients undergoing LC.
OBJECTIVE: The presence of working memory deficits suggests abnormalities of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in schizophrenia. Although much is known about spatial working memory deficits in schizophrenia, including its potential as a phenotypic marker, it is unclear whether object working memory is similarly affected. Our goal was to examine nonspatial, object working memory function in relation to clinical symptoms. METHODS: We assessed object working memory and clinical symptoms in 28 schizophrenia patients during acute psychotic episode and 4 months later during partial remission. Delayed-matching-to-sample tasks for familiar object (DMTS-F) and novel shapes (DMTS-N) were used. Symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). 33 age-matched normal subjects were also tested over the same time period. RESULTS: Acutely psychotic patients showed deficits in both DMTS-F and DMTS-N. Four months later, their DMTS-F performance improved significantly but deficits in DMTS-N were still present. During acute psychosis, symptoms correlated with DMTS-F but not with the DMTS-N. Four months later, negative symptoms correlated with both tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Object working memory as measured by DMTS-N was impaired in schizophrenia patients during both acute and chronic states. When schizophrenia patients were in partial remission, object working memory was associated with negative symptoms.
This study examined tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) expression and phosphorylation in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after acute (8 or 48 hours) or chronic (10 days) cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Increases in the number of TrkA-immunoreactive (IR) cell profiles were detected in the L1 and L6 DRG (four-fold; P < or = 0.01) and the S1 DRG (1.5-fold; P < or = 0.05) but not in the L2, L4, and L5 DRG with CYP-induced cystitis of acute and chronic duration compared with control rats. The number of TrkB-IR cell profiles increased in the L1 and L2 DRG (L1: 2.6-fold; L2: 1.4-fold; P < or = 0.05) and in the L6 and S1 DRG (L6: 2.2-fold; S1: 1.3-fold; P < or = 0.05) only after acute CYP treatment (8 hours). After CYP treatment, the percentage of bladder afferent cell profiles expressing TrkA-IR (approximately 50%; P < or = 0.05) increased in L1 and L6 DRG. The percentage of bladder afferent cell profiles expressing TrkB-IR (approximately 45%; P < or = 0.05) in L1, L2, L6, and S1 DRG also increased compared with control cell profiles. The increase in TrkA-IR in bladder afferent cells occurred 8 hours after CYP treatment and was maintained in L1 DRG with chronic (10 days) CYP-induced cystitis. However, the increase in bladder afferent cells expressing TrkB-IR only occurred at the most acute time point examined (8 hours). TrkA-IR and TrkB-IR cell profiles also demonstrated phosphorylated Trk-IR with acute and/or chronic CYP-induced cystitis. These results demonstrated that CYP-induced cystitis increases the expression and phosphorylation of Trk receptors in lumbosacral DRG. Expression of neurotrophic factors in the inflamed urinary bladder may contribute to this increased expression, and neurotrophic factor and Trk interactions may play unique roles in decreased urinary tract plasticity with CYP-induced cystitis.