PubMed · 4763864
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G Regdon, E Regdon, G Mezey. 1973. [Consistence studies on suppository-bases containing TWEEN-61].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4763864/
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The aim of the present work was to develop a method for predicting the phase behaviour of four component systems consisting of oil, water and two surfactants from a limited number of screening experiments. Investigations were conducted to asses the potential of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with back-propagation training algorithm to predict the phase behaviour of four component systems. Three inputs only (percentages of oil and water and HLB of the surfactant blend) and four outputs (oil in water emulsion, water in oil emulsion, microemulsion, and liquid crystals containing regions) were used. Samples used for training represented about 15% of the sampling space within the tetrahedron body. The network was trained by performing optimization of the number and size of the weights for neuron interconnections. The lowest error was obtained with 15 hidden neurons and after 4,500 training cycles. The trained ANN was tested on validation data and had an accuracy of 85.2-92.9%. In most cases the errors in the prediction were confined to points lying along the boundaries of regions and for the extrapolated predictions outside the ANNs 'experience'. This approach is shown to be highly successful and the ANNs have proven to be a useful tool for the prediction of the phase behaviour of quaternary systems with less experimental effort.
Prostasomes isolated from human seminal plasma stimulated the forward motility of buffer-washed, and therewith immobilised, normal human spermatozoa in a dose- and time-related fashion. Albumin exhibited a similar capacity for stimulation. Combining prostasomes with 5 mmol/l of any of the hexoses fructose, glucose or mannose (but not galactose) resulted in a prolongation and improvement of the effect by prostasomes (or albumin) for the first 150 min. Hence, a dose-response effect at 60 and 120 min was obtained by prostasomes on sperm forward motility provided 5 mmol/l of fructose was present--otherwise not. Many substances besides the hexoses were examined for possible positive effects on sperm forward motility in concert with prostasomes with no additional effect. Enrichment of optimum concentrations of prostasomes and glucose with 2 mmol/l of adenine stimulated further the velocity parameters of the spermatozoa over time. The effect of adenosine was less evident under these conditions. Experiments carried out with prostasomes in the presence of divalent cations or chelators suggested that magnesium ions are essential for sperm forward motility. There appeared to be a safety margin concerning calcium ions, and zinc ions did not seem to be primarily involved in sperm forward motility in the presence of prostasomes.
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