PubMed · 4865867
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P W Copeman. 1967. Chloroquine.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4865867/
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Since the introduction of angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors (ACE-inhibitors) in the 1980's, more than 50 cases of foetotoxic effects ascribed to intrauterine exposure to inhibitors have been published. Among the most commonly reported effects are: Hypotension, renal dysplasia, anuria/oliguria, oligohydramios, intrauterine growth retardation, pulmonary hypoplasia, unclosed ductus arteriosus, incomplete ossification of the skull, intrauterine og neonatal death. Recent animal studies have confirmed that intrauterine or neonatal exposure to ACE-inhibitors or the AT1-receptor antagonist losartan can cause death and serious, irreversible organ damage. These effects are similar to the complications previously reported in humans. Animal studies suggest that the foetotoxic actions are most common after exposure during the last trimester. However, due to the severity of these complications, the use of ACE-inhibitors and AT1-receptor antagonists should be avoided throughout pregnancy and in women who are breast feeding.
Benzimidazole compounds have teratogenic effects in domestic and experimental animals. In this study, 14 Manchega ewes were treated orally, under controlled conditions, with 20 mg netobimin (a prodrug of a benzimidazole compound) per/kg bodyweight on the 17th day of pregnancy. Congenital malformations and abortions affected 60 per cent of the lambs. The main malformations were skeletal and renal, but vascular malformations were observed for the first time. The abnormalities were investigated using radiological, dissection and vascular injection techniques, and associations among them were recorded. The anomalies are discussed in terms of embryological considerations.