PubMed · 4915785
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1970. Meat and poultry processing wastes.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4915785/
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This research deals with the transformation of an anthropomorphous landfill covering composed of a fill soil mixed with mechanically separated municipal waste compost. The study site was a municipal landfill near Perugia, Italy. Throughout the years, waste disposal in the landfill was performed by burial in horizontal layers, each one representing a yearly disposal. The external front of the landfill thus represented the yearly disposal over a 10-yr period starting in 1993. Temporal changes in the anthropomorphous soil over this period were studied by examining and describing soil profiles, and by collecting and analyzing soil samples from the 1993, 1994, 1997, and 2001 disposals. The samples were subjected to a series of physical, chemical, and biochemical analyses. The results obtained suggest that over a 10-yr period the top layer gained a pedological structure (subangular blocky and/or crumb) giving rise to an A horizon. Improved soil structure was confirmed by an increase in macroporosity, particularly for pores larger than 50 microm, measured by image analysis of soil thin sections. Total extractable carbon showed an increase in the content of humic substances, evidenced by parameters of humification. Enzymatic activities in the A and C1 horizons were also indicative of soil evolution and may serve as a valid indicator for monitoring the evolution of anthropogenic soils containing municipal waste compost.
Olive mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of the olive-mill industry, is produced in large amounts in Mediterranean countries. The presence of indigenous phosphate deposits in some countries like Tunisia provides an incentive for direct application or local chemical treatment at low cost to improve the solubility of low reactive phosphate rocks (PRs). The use of naturally occurring low-molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) that are present in OMW represents a new perspective in PR research and a possible solution for the recycling of the OMW. The present work was aimed at evaluating, under natural situations (field of olive trees), the effects of agronomic application of OMW (amounts applied: 30, 60 m(3) ha(-1)) with PR (amounts applied: 150 kg ha(-1)) on olive trees soil properties. We measured organic C, nitrogen (N), extractable phosphorus (P), exchangeable calcium (Ca), and exchangeable potassium (K), as well as other properties (pH and electrical conductivity). Our data provide evidence that agronomic application of OMW with PR has important effects on soil properties. Increases in organic C, total N, extractable P and exchangeable potassium (K) were found after the first agronomic application of OMW and PR. These increases were only temporary, following the second agronomic application of OMW and PR, significant reductions were detected in the extractable soil P (19.67 mg kg(-1) in the control soil vs. 8.99 mg kg(-1) in the amended soil). Changes in the extractable soil P could alter plant productivity and plant community structure because shifts in nutriment availability can affect the balance between limiting and non-limiting nutrients.
The study dealt with the method to predict the BOD(5) in effluent from industrial wastewater by using the UV absorption from two wavelengths, 260 and 550 nm. The interference from suspended solids was reduced. In the same time, COD was used as the secure value to calculate BOD(5). From the representative wastewater treatment plants, the estimated effluent BOD(5) of wastewater from the Para rubber industry showed an average error at +/-2.97 mg/l. While it was at +/-3.31 mg/l, for frozen seafood industry. The simple mathematic equations in this study gave the assuring method for BOD(5) estimation without time consuming.