PubMed · 4953385
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Caffiaux. 1965-04-03. [The pineal eye].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4953385/
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We described a case of congenital atresia of the anterior nares with a minute opening on the right side and underdevelopment of the nasal cavities. The hard palate was flat and the soft palate was normally mobile. Right anophthalmia and microphthalmia of the left eye with iris coloboma were also noted. In order to provide a nasal airway and to enable the newborn to suck and breathe simultaneously the patient was operated on at four days of age. By means of transpalatal approach a nasal cavity was drilled out of solid bone and connected with the small anterior duct. Trough the new created air duct a nasopharyngeal tube was introduced. In spite of that the external nasal orifice was enlarged later, there was an inclination the orifice to collapse due to lack of nostril cartilages, therefore a nasopharyngeal tube still is used. The physical and intellectual development of the now 11-month old infant is normal. Final reconstruction of the external nose will take place later.
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Orbital abnormalities encountered in the pediatric population differ substantially from those found in adult patients. Retinoblastoma, the most serious intraocular tumor, is often difficult to diagnose, but use of computed tomography (CT) (which reveals the characteristic focal calcification) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows this tumor to be differentiated from pseudogliomas, such as Coats disease, and retrolental fibroplasia. CT and MR imaging help in the differentiation of orbital cellulitis from preseptal, lacrimal, and eyelid infectious processes and of orbital pseudotumor from Graves disease. In cases of orbital trauma, CT is excellent for detecting orbital fractures and metallic foreign bodies; MR imaging is better for depicting ocular and optic nerve injuries. Both modalities allow the differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma from dermoid, cavernous hemangioma, and lymphangioma and provide helpful information for the diagnosis of many other tumors. Since CT and MR imaging have widely expanded the capabilities of orbital imaging, it is more important than ever before for radiologists to understand pediatric orbital disease.