PubMed · 5008471
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1972-01-29. Generalized pustular psoriasis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5008471/
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes which play a key role in signal transduction mediated by cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters and various types of environmental stresses. In the airways, these extracellular stimuli elicit complex inflammatory and structural changes leading to the typical features of asthma including T cell activation, eosinophil and mast cell infiltration, as well as bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling. Because MAPKs represent an important point of convergence for several different signalling pathways, they affect multiple aspects of normal airway function and also significantly contribute to asthma pathophysiology. Therefore, this review focuses on the crucial involvement of MAPKs in asthma pathogenesis, thus also discussing their emerging role as molecular targets for anti-asthma drugs.
We report on a case of pulmonary capillaritis with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a child due to propylthiouracil (PTU). PTU treatment is a rare cause of pulmonary capillaritis in adults; we report on the first case in a pediatric patient. The treatment of pulmonary capillaritis often requires corticosteroid therapy, other immunosuppressive medications, or withdrawal of the causative agent. Our patient recovered completely after treatment with a limited course of corticosteroids and removal of PTU.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs frequently and is associated with a poor prognosis. Severe TBI results in substantial disability or death in more than 40% of cases. The major aim of treatment of these patients is to minimize secondary brain injury and in this respect, the prevention of intracranial hypertension plays a key role. In addition to surgical approaches, various conservative treatment options exist, such as the use of osmodiuretics, barbiturates, or corticosteroids, hyperventilation as well as induced therapeutic hypothermia. This review analyzes these treatment options and the therapeutic goals of lowering intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients after TBI using evidence-based criteria, and provides recommendations for clinical practice.