PubMed · 5057434
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L N Ross. 1972-08-16. Work simplification increases productivity.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5057434/
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Material and migration tests of food-contact plastic wares made of polystyrene were carried out. The average concentration of volatile substances (sum of toluene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, n -propylbenzene, and styrene) in materials was 861 +/- 692 ppm. Styrene was observed in 95% of 19 samples. alpha-Methylstyrene, which is one of the material compounds of polystyrene, was detected in one sample. Release of volatile substances into n-heptane was not observed at the detection limits of 0.1 ppm.
Four years of experience in the evaluation and management of lead intoxication in the first year of life were reviewed. This study was conducted in a lead referral program within the state of Massachusetts, whose comprehensive lead laws include extensive (and now mandatory) lead screening of all children. Over the period of study, 50 (14%) of 370 new patients enrolled in the program were infants aged 12 months or younger. Median age of these infants was 11 months (range 1 through 12 months). Mean peak lead level was 39.0 micrograms/dL while the mean peak erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration was 111.9 micrograms/dL of whole blood. Thirty-two percent of infants were ambulatory at the time lead intoxication was diagnosed; only 24% had a history of pica. Twenty-six percent of parents were welfare dependent. Apparent sources of plumbism included house-hold renovation (n = 20), direct ingestion of paint chips (n = 10), formula preparation with lead-contaminated water (n = 9), lead dust importation (n = 1), and congenital exposure to elevated maternal lead level (n = 1). In 9 cases the source was not found. When this profile was compared with that of a randomly selected group of 47 children aged 18 through 30 months, who were seen in the lead program during the same interval, apparent sources of intoxication in the older group were paint chip ingestion (n = 41), household renovation (n = 2), and unknown (n = 4) (P less than .0001). On the basis of these data, it is concluded that lead intoxication in infants is common and has significantly different origins from that in toddlers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Migration and material tests of food-contact plastic wares were carried out in compliance with the Thai Food Act. Sample materials studied were melamine resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride. Migration levels of phenol, formaldehyde, colors and heavy metals were determined. A test for vinyl chloride monomer in polyvinyl chloride was carried out. Migrant and residual levels in all samples were in compliance with the Act.