PubMed · 5076008
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E T Johns. 1972-07-29. Contraception using Dalcon shields.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5076008/
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Barriers and spermicides are being developed for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. The inconvenience of current methods limits their acceptability and leads to higher user failure rates. New methods, such as female condoms, nonlatex male condoms, and new cervical caps are being developed: the Reality (Wisconsin Pharmacal, Jackson, WI) polyurethane vaginal pouch has already received conditional Food and Drug Administration approval for use in the United States. The material used in a Food and Drug Administration-approved nonallergenic glove is being tested for its effectiveness as a condom. In addition, the Fem Cap, a cervical cap that had a life table probability of failure within 1 year of 4.8%, is expected to be available within the next 2 years. It is important for clinicians to be informed of new options becoming available for those patients who may be good candidates for these barrier methods.
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Although barrier contraceptives were among the first methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy ever described for human use, with the advent of the non-coitally related oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices, they gradually fell into relative disuse. However, for a variety of reasons, this is no longer the case. There is a renewed interest in these techniques both as a major form of birth control and also as our best protection against the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, many of which are now occurring in epidemic form. This latter reason has stimulated fresh approaches to both physical barriers and spermicidal agents. In addition, attempts have also been made to assess the true effectiveness of periodic abstinence and ways in which to make its use more accurate and acceptable.