PubMed · 5077576
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H J Ettinger, W D Moss, L J Johnson. 1972. Size selective sampling for plutonium-238.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-197207000-00005
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In the normal operation of the Tokai reprocessing plant, low-level radioactive effluents are discharged to the atmosphere and the ocean under rigid control. Radiation exposures to the population around the plant have been estimated for potential pathways with site-specific parameters such as food consumption, concentration factors of marine organisms, and meteorological conditions. External exposures to a radioactive cloud and internal exposures from inhalation and oral intake of radionuclides are evaluated for airborne effluents. External exposures to a contaminated fishing net and fishing boat are considered pathways for fishermen. External exposure to a contaminated beach and internal exposure via oral intake of marine products are evaluated for liquid effluents. Since the plant began operation in 1977, estimated effective dose equivalents for the public have been less than the annual effective dose equivalent limit of 0.1% recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (1977).
A Monte Carlo calculation of the transport of gamma rays in an air-over-ground geometry has been performed for the case of uniform ground surface contamination by 131I. The scalar fluence rate and dose rate, as well as the energy and angular distributions, have been computed at 31 altitudes ranging from 1-1000 m for a surface contamination of 1 Bq cm-2.