PubMed · 5093643
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E A Boyden. 1971. Human growth and development.. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001320102
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Bronchial arteriography and embolization with sponge gelatin were performed in 100 tuberculous patients of massive hemoptysis. Three direct signs and other six indirect ones were found in arteriographies, Those signs were roentgenographic abnormalities for defining bleeding sites. 100 massive hemoptysis cases were treated with sponge gelatin embolization in bronchial artery. The results are satisfactory, the success rate were 92.9%, 87.4% and 79.0% at one week, one month and three months respectively. The advantages of arterial embolization and the reasons of failures were discussed in this paper.
Major hemoptysis carries with it significant mortality, particularly if major surgery has to be performed during active bleeding. Some patients may not be surgical candidates due to chronic disability or may have diseases that, except for the bleeding, would not require surgical intervention. Bronchial artery embolization is becoming recognized as carrying a lower risk than surgery. It allows immediate hemostasis and long-term control of bleeding in a high proportion of cases.