Correlation between "methicillin resistance" and serotype in Staphylococcus.

First- and second-derivative spectrophotometry, with a zero-crossing technique of measurement, has been used for the quantitation of two-component mixtures of cephaloridine and cephalothin Na, which are cephalosporins with closely overlapping spectral bands. Beer's Law is followed for up to 28 and 36 micrograms/mL of cephaloridine in the first- and second-derivative modes, respectively, and up to 36 micrograms/mL of cephalothin Na in both modes. Detection limits at the 0.05 level of significance were calculated to be 0.13 and 0.37 micrograms/mL of cephaloridine and cephalothin Na, respectively, in the first-derivative mode, and 0.25 and 0.29 micrograms/mL, respectively, in the second-derivative mode. The recovery of these antibiotics in mixtures of injectable dosage forms is also reported.

Cephaloridine↗

PubMed1987

'Covalent trapping' and latamoxef resistance in beta-lactamase-derepressed Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Three Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which constitutively produced chromosomal (Id, or Sabath and Abraham) beta-lactamase in large amounts were resistant to latamoxef (moxalactam) MICs, 128-256 mg/l). Their beta-lactamase-basal mutants, which produced 1200-18,000-fold less enzyme, were latamoxef-sensitive (MICs, 4-16 mg/l), suggesting that the enzyme caused the resistance of the parent organisms. Latamoxef was a feeble substrate of the enzyme (kcat less than 0.5/min) but reacted to form a stable complex that lacked catalytic activity against benzylpenicillin. The complex was isolated by gel filtration and was shown to be stable to isoelectric focusing, suggesting a covalent link between the enzyme and latamoxef. During incubation the complex underwent a slow breakdown, regenerating active enzyme. This breakdown obeyed first-order kinetics, and the half-life of the inactivated form was 19 +/- 1 min at 37 degrees C. Binding of antibiotic molecules in this complex may contribute to the latamoxef-resistance observed in the beta-lactamase-derepressed strains. This 'covalent trapping' should be distinguished from the 'non-covalent trapping' proposed elsewhere as a general mechanism of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to reversibly-bound weak-substrate beta-lactams.

Cephaloridine↗