PubMed · 5212907
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M P Goldberg. Bone remodeling.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5212907/
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Long nanotubes of fluid-lipid bilayers can be used to create templates for photochemical polymerization into solid-phase conduits and networks. Each nanotube is pulled from a micropipette-held feeder vesicle by mechanical retraction of the vesicle after molecular bonding to a rigid substrate. The caliber of the tube is controlled precisely in a range from 20 to 200 nanometers merely by setting the suction pressure in the micropipette. Branched conduits can be formed by coalescing separate nanotubes drawn serially from the feeder vesicle surface. Single nanotubes and nanotube junctions can be linked together between bonding sites on a surface to create a functionalized network. After assembly, the templates can be stabilized by photoinitiated radical cross-linking of macromonomers contained in the aqueous solution confined by the lipid bilayer boundary.
The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the phase behavior and structural parameters of aqueous dispersions of 1,2-dioleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (DOPE) was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction. In the range of concentrations of DMSO in water up to 50 wt%, there was a progressive increase in the temperature of the lamellar gel to lamellar liquid-crystal phase transition temperature and a marked decrease in temperature of the transition to the hexagonal II phase. At DMSO concentrations greater than about 25 wt% a direct transition from lamellar gel to hexagonal II structure was observed. A partial phase diagram of the phospholipid in DMSO has been constructed from thermal and X-ray diffraction data. Concentrations of DMSO greater than 50 wt% resulted in the formation of several lamellar crystal phases and interdigitated phases. Phase transition sequences measured on heating included low-temperature exothermic transitions between the interdigitated phase and lamellar crystal phases and an endothermic transition at about 30 degrees C between a lamellar crystal and an interdigitated phase. This latter phase converted directly into an hexagonal II phase at a temperature of about 50 degrees C. On cooling, a second nonbilayer phase (I) first appeared which subsequently reorganized to form a mixture of interdigitated and lamellar crystal phases. The significance of this data in terms of its possible relevance to the biological role of DMSO is discussed.