PubMed · 523482
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C C Cockerham. 1979. Sib pairing methodology.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/523482/
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DNA-mediated transformation was used to correlate function with putative genes from three alternative A alpha mating-type loci (A alpha 1, A alpha 3, and A alpha 4) of Schizophyllum commune. Each DNA was tested in at least nine haploid strains, one for each of the nine A alpha mating types found in the world-wide population of S. commune. The Y and Z genes (tentatively identified by sequence analysis elsewhere) individually activate A alpha-regulated development when transformed into any strain with a different A alpha mating type. The only exceptions are when the Y alleles of A alpha 3 or A alpha 4 (i.e., Y3 or Y4, respectively) are introduced into an A alpha 1 strain (the A alpha 1 locus encodes Y1 but lacks a Z gene). These observations indicate that A alpha-regulated development is activated by the interaction (direct or indirect) of products from different genes (e.g., Z3 and Y1) rather than from different alleles of the same gene (e.g., Y1 and Y3). Therefore, the activating interaction is of the form ZiYj where i not equal to j and i and j are the A alpha mating types from which the Z and Y polypeptides, respectively, are derived. Transformations with truncated or mutagenized genes begin to define essential regions of the genes and their products. Activity is in some cases dependent upon the particular A alpha mating type of the recipient. A working hypothesis for the activation of A alpha-regulated development is proposed.
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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were used as genetic markers for following mitochondrial transmission in the basidiomycete Ustilago violacea. Yeast-like cells of opposite mating types (a1 and a2) were mated on 2% water agar and were treated with alpha-tocopherol to induce formation of dikaryotic hyphae. Upon depletion of the alpha-tocopherol, the hyphae budded off haploid cells with parental nuclear genotypes. These cells were examined for mitochondrial RFLP phenotype. In progeny expressing the a1 mating type, mitochondria from either parent were observed equally frequently. In progeny with the a2 mating type, mitochondria were almost exclusively (94%) from the a2 parent.