PubMed · 5334340
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W Rutishauser, J Stucky, N Schad. 1966. [Cinedensitometry, a special indicator dilution method].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5334340/
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BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy has been established as an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is clear that left ventricular mass increases during childhood and adolescence with body growth. The extent to which other factors, such as obesity, stage of sexual maturation, and level of blood pressure, determine left ventricular mass has been controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was a cross-sectional evaluation of the relationship of left ventricular mass determined by echocardiography with lean body mass and fat mass determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, which is the most valid and reliable method for determination of body composition in children and adolescents. The relationship of left ventricular mass with the stage of sexual maturation and with systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also evaluated. Two hundred one subjects (105 boys, 96 girls; 103 white and 98 black) 6 to 17 years old were studied. Age (r = .72), height (r = .81), weight (r = .84), body surface area (r = .87), sexual maturation (r = .75), lean body mass (r = .86), fat mass (r = .54), systolic BP (r = .58), and diastolic BP (r = .48) were all univariate correlates of left ventricular mass. In a multiple regression analysis, only lean body mass, fat mass, and systolic blood pressure were statistically significant independent correlates of left ventricular mass. Lean body mass alone explained 75% of the variance of left ventricular mass, whereas fat mass and systolic blood pressure explained only 1.5% and 0.5% of the variance, respectively. Lean body mass was the strongest determinant of left ventricular mass in all four race-sex groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an opportunity to separate the effects on left ventricular mass of lean body mass resulting from linear growth from those of fat mass resulting from obesity. Lean body mass, fat mass, and systolic blood pressure all have a statistically significant independent association with left ventricular mass, suggesting that all three play an important biological role in determining left ventricular mass. However, fat mass and systolic blood pressure have only a small impact on left ventricular mass. This indicates that fat mass and blood pressure would be expected to be of only minor clinical importance in determining left ventricular mass in normal children and adolescents.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of vertebral deformities in men and women aged 55 years and over. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A quarter in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. METHODS: As part of the 'Rotterdam elderly study', 750 responding men and 750 women underwent lateral radiography of the spine and subsequent morphometry of the vertebrae to detect presence of vertebral deformities. Grade 1 and grade 2 deformities were scored on the basis of the results of the morphometry. The entire vertebral column was classified as normal (no deformities), moderate spinal deformity (grade 1 deformities) or severe spinal deformity (grade 2 deformities). Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate or severe spinal deformity was estimated to be 18% in men (12% moderate and 6% severe) and 22% in women (11% moderate and 11% severe) after adjustment for the present age distribution of the Dutch population. The prevalence of deformities increased with age, in particular for severe deformities in women aged 70 years and over. A decreasing BMD was observed with increasing severity of vertebral deformities. Men with severe spinal deformity had a 4% lower BMD whereas women with severe spinal deformity had a 6% lower BMD. CONCLUSION: Vertebral deformities are frequently present in the general population, mostly in the higher age groups. There was an association with decreased BMD. In view of the ongoing aging of the population, a future increase in the prevalence of vertebral deformities is to be expected.