PubMed · 5451319
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H Hall, L C Isaacson. 1970. Torque-free manipulator for concentric micropipets.. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1970.29.3.395
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Nanometer-sized columns of condensed water molecules are formed by an atomic-resolution force microscope operated in ambient conditions. An unusual stepwise decrease of the force gradient associated with the ultrathin water bridge in the tip-substrate gap is observed during its stretch, exhibiting regularity in step heights (approximately 0.5 N/m) and plateau lengths (approximately 1 nm). Such "quantized" elasticity is indicative of an atomic-scale stick slip at the tip-water interface. A thermodynamic-instability-induced rupture of the water meniscus (5 nm long and 2.6 nm wide) is also found. This work opens a high-resolution study of the structure and interface dynamics of a nanometric aqueous column.
A simple modification of the attachment of the terminal nipples to the central cable in an engineer's flexible arm is described. By its use, the cable breaks before the nipples are avulsed and greater tension can be employed than with conventional methods of fixation. The resulting increased rigidity much improves the reliability of such arms.
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