PubMed · 5491013
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S J Rule, D W Curtis, R P Markley. 1970. Input and output transformations from magnitude estimation.. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030154
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In this study, we investigated the influence of smooth-pursuit eye movements on saccade initiation in response to a sudden jump of a continuously moving target. We replicated the finding by Tanaka et al. (1998) that saccadic eye movements in the direction opposite to preceding pursuit have longer latencies than those in the same direction. We confirmed that this asymmetry is indeed due to an inhibitory effect of smooth pursuit on saccade initiation in the opposite direction rather than facilitation of saccade initiation in the same direction. The inhibitory effect decreased strongly when subjects knew the jump direction in advance. This supports the notion that the prolonged latencies of backward saccades are not due to orbital mechanics or low-level motor processing. Furthermore, we found that the range of saccade directions inhibited by a pursuit movement is broad, covering all directions that did not have the same horizontal component as the pursuit direction. This is in contrast with the predictions of "Inhibition of Saccade Return" (ISR, Hooge and Frens 2000), which is restricted to a smaller confined area.
28 students reproduced the durations of 12- and 18-sec. intervals, which were defined by a moving stimulus on a computer monitor. The monitor was viewed from a distance of either .4 or 2.5 m. Temporal reproductions were significantly greater for the far than for the near distance conditions. Results are considered from the perspective of the change models of timing.
We investigated the use of nested contact relations in perceiving the relative distance of locations on discontinuous surfaces. Observers viewed computer-generated displays under monocular static conditions and adjusted a marker to match the perceived distance of a cube. The marker and cube were raised above the ground by two different platforms separated by a gap. The relative heights and distances of the platforms were varied. We found the following: (1) When spatially discontinuous surfaces are coplanar, locations of objects resting on these surfaces appear to be compared directly, bypassing relations with the underlying ground plane. (2) Spatial displacement between the platforms produces a bias, in the direction of the displacement, in the perceived relative locations of objects resting on the platforms. This suggests that local spatial relations between objects and their platforms are only partially integrated with more global spatial relations between the discontinuous surfaces of the platforms.