PubMed · 5495974
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O Takamatsu. 1970. [So-called lateral aberrant thyroid].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5495974/
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CD44 is a polymorphic family of immunologically related cell surface proteoglycans and glycoproteins implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion interactions, lymphocyte activation and homing, cell migration, and tumor metastasis. CD44 exists as a standard form and as multiple isoforms, each generated by alternative splicing of up to 10 variant exons (termed v1-v10) encoding parts of the extracellular domain. Using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and Southern hybridization, alternative CD44 mRNA splicing was examined in 10 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 8 nodular goiters, 9 adenomas, 2 cases of thyroiditis, and 3 histologically normal thyroid controls. The amount of input cDNA for the CD44 PCRs was standardized against an internal control gene (glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase). Four papillary carcinomas showed significant overexpression of CD44 transcripts migrating between 750 and 1000 bp. These cases demonstrated reduced levels of the 482-bp standard isoform transcript. In six papillary cancers, we found a prominent v6-containing isoform at 750 bp that was present in only trace amounts in normal thyroid tissue. It is of interest that similar findings were seen in the majority of the goiters and adenomas but not in the cases of thyroiditis. These results show that deregulation of alternative CD44 splicing is a common feature of disordered thyroid follicular cell growth, both in neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. The data imply an important role for CD44, including CD44v6, in the pathogenesis of various thyroid lesions.
The human endometrial adenocarcinoma HEC-1-B cell line was transfected with an expression vector harboring the human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) cDNA under the control of the human beta-actin gene promoter. Stable transfectants were obtained in which a constitutive, limited overexpression of M(r) 24,000, 22,000, and 18,000 bFGF isoforms was observed. When transfectants were screened for the capacity to release the growth factor, significant amounts of bFGF were present in the conditioned medium and extracellular matrix of the bFGF-B9 clone but not of the bFGF-A8 clone, even though both cell lines produced similar levels of intracellular bFGF. When compared to parental cells, bFGF-B9 cells showed down-regulation of tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptors along with up-regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression which was abolished by incubation of the cell cultures with neutralizing anti-bFGF antibody. In vivo, bFGF-B9 cells formed highly vascularized tumors growing faster than parental cells when injected s.c. in nude mice. Also, they were more potent than nontransfected cells in inducing an angiogenic response in the rabbit cornea assay. In contrast, the bFGF-A8 cell phenotype was indistinguishable from parental cells both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, clonal differences exist within the HEC-1-B cell line in the capacity to release bFGF. bFGF export by human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells results in autocrine and paracrine effects that confer a growth advantage in vivo associated with increased neovascularization.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether heat-treated thyroid cancer cells augment the susceptibility of target cells to lysis by autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells. DESIGN: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with thyroid cancer were incubated with recombinant interleukin 2 (100 U/mL) for 7 days, and thyroid cancer cells obtained from surgical specimens were heated at 44 degrees C for 20 minutes and incubated at 37 degrees C for 18 hours before performing the radioactive chromium Cr 51 release assay. RESULTS: The susceptibility of heat-treated thyroid cancer cells to lysis by autologous and allogeneic lymphokine-activated killer cells was significantly greater than that of untreated tumor cells. The mechanism of enhanced susceptibility was unclear. However, the effect depended on de novo protein synthesis, because inhibition of RNA synthesis by dactinomycin completely abolished the heat-enhanced susceptibility of tumor cells. CONCLUSION: Immunotherapy combined with hyperthermia may be useful in management of thyroid cancer.